Distância cultural inovação (CDi) e capacidade de inovação nacional: uma abordagem sobre o BRICS
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Tipo de produção
Dissertação
Data
2016
Autores
Fonseca, M. C. de S.
Orientador
Bernardes, Roberto Carlos
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Palavras-chave
Distância cultural inovação,Capacidade de inovação nacional,Brics,Sistemas nacionais de inovação
Resumo
Este trabalho de pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar como as diferenças culturais influenciam a capacidade de inovação das nações. Propõe a adoção de CDi, distância cultural inovação, variável independente do modelo. CDi é uma variação do construto CD de Kogut e Singh (1988) a partir das dimensões culturais de Hofstede (1980) correlacionadas com a inovação (individualismo-IDV; distância do poder-PDI e aversão a incertezas-UAI). A variável dependente, capacidade de inovação, foi mensurada a partir do GII-2015, Global Innovation Index. A variável moderadora de sinal ID(+1;-1) divide os países em 2 grupos distintos: os mais (+)inovadores e os menos (-)inovadores do que o país referência de comparação das CDis. A variável ID(+1;-1) foi construída a partir de estudos de pesquisadores de diferentes disciplinas, a exemplo de Ambos e Håkanson (2014), Leydesdorff (2012) e Marcovich e Shinn (2011). O fenômeno detectado demonstra que os comportamentos das variáveis (dependente e independente) são antagônicos em relação a 2 grupos distintos. Para o grupo dos países (+)inovadores do que a referência, quanto maior a distância, maior a capacidade de inovação, já para o grupo dos países (-)inovadores do que a referência, quanto menor a distância, maior a capacidade de inovação. Esse estudo valida a metodologia do GII 2015 com base em constructos amplamente difundidos na academia e alicerçados pelas pesquisas do Geert Hofstede sobre cultura nacional e organizações. As nações de referência para comparação com os demais países do globo foram baseadas no grupo BRICS (Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul). O modelo foi testado nos 5 países e obteve significância estatística para 3 diferentes espectros do índice GII 2015: índice geral, indexação dos inputs e dos outputs. Os resultados apresentados na pesquisa balizam um novo modelo quantitativo para mensurar distâncias culturais, correlacionadas a capacidades de inovação nacional. A adoção da CDi acoplada ao uso de ID(+1;-1) traz novas possibilidades analíticas aos estudos dos sistemas nacionais de inovação (NIS), especialmente o Triple Helix e sua propulsão através dos tempos.
This research aims to evaluate how cultural differences influence the innovative capacity of nations. It proposes the adoption of CDi, cultural distance innovation as a variable of an independent model. CDi is a construct variation of CD Kogut and Singh (1988) coming from the cultural dimensions of Hofstede (1980) correlated with innovation (individualism -IDV, power distance- PDI and uncertainty avoidance-UAI). The dependent variable (innovation capacity) was measured from the INSEAD; WIPO; JOHNSON, 2015 Global Innovation Index. The variable ID(+1;-1), signal moderator divides countries into two distinct groups: the more (+) innovators and less (-) innovators than the reference country in comparison of CDi. ID (+1, -1) was built from the work of researchers from different disciplines, like Ambos and Håkanson (2014), Leydesdorff (2012) and Marcovich and Shinn (2011). The phenomenon detected demonstrates that the behaviors of the variables (dependent and independent) are antagonistic in relation to two distinct groups. For the group of countries (+) innovative than the reference country, when greater the distance the greater the capacity for innovation, for the group of countries (-) innovative that the reference, the shorter the distance the greater the capacity for innovation. This study validates the INSEAD; WIPO; JOHNSON, 2015 methodology based on constructs widespread in academia and grounded by studies of Geert Hofstede on national culture and organizations. The reference nations used on comparison to other countries of the world were based on the BRICS group (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). The model was tested in these 5 countries and achieved statistical significance for 3 different spectrums of the INSEAD; WIPO; JOHNSON, 2015 index: general index (GII-GE), indexes of inputs and outputs. The results presented in this research mark out a new quantitative model to measure cultural distances correlated with national innovation capacity. The adoption of CDi attached to the use of ID (+1, -1) brings new analytical possibilities for studies of national innovation systems (NIS), especially the Triple Helix and its propulsion through time
This research aims to evaluate how cultural differences influence the innovative capacity of nations. It proposes the adoption of CDi, cultural distance innovation as a variable of an independent model. CDi is a construct variation of CD Kogut and Singh (1988) coming from the cultural dimensions of Hofstede (1980) correlated with innovation (individualism -IDV, power distance- PDI and uncertainty avoidance-UAI). The dependent variable (innovation capacity) was measured from the INSEAD; WIPO; JOHNSON, 2015 Global Innovation Index. The variable ID(+1;-1), signal moderator divides countries into two distinct groups: the more (+) innovators and less (-) innovators than the reference country in comparison of CDi. ID (+1, -1) was built from the work of researchers from different disciplines, like Ambos and Håkanson (2014), Leydesdorff (2012) and Marcovich and Shinn (2011). The phenomenon detected demonstrates that the behaviors of the variables (dependent and independent) are antagonistic in relation to two distinct groups. For the group of countries (+) innovative than the reference country, when greater the distance the greater the capacity for innovation, for the group of countries (-) innovative that the reference, the shorter the distance the greater the capacity for innovation. This study validates the INSEAD; WIPO; JOHNSON, 2015 methodology based on constructs widespread in academia and grounded by studies of Geert Hofstede on national culture and organizations. The reference nations used on comparison to other countries of the world were based on the BRICS group (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). The model was tested in these 5 countries and achieved statistical significance for 3 different spectrums of the INSEAD; WIPO; JOHNSON, 2015 index: general index (GII-GE), indexes of inputs and outputs. The results presented in this research mark out a new quantitative model to measure cultural distances correlated with national innovation capacity. The adoption of CDi attached to the use of ID (+1, -1) brings new analytical possibilities for studies of national innovation systems (NIS), especially the Triple Helix and its propulsion through time