Mineração e comunidades:consequências sociais e meios de vida no fechamento de mina
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Tipo de produção
Dissertação
Data
2011
Autores
Almeida, J. A. de
Orientador
Moraes, Edmilson Alves de
Periódico
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Título de Volume
Citação
ALMEIDA, J. A. de. Mineração e comunidades: consequências sociais e meios de vida no fechamento de mina. 2011. 194 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Administração de Empresas) - Centro Universitário Fei, São Paulo, 2011. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 10 ago. 2018.
Texto completo (DOI)
Palavras-chave
Minas e recursos minerais
Resumo
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo abordar as questões sociais que envolvem a manutenção ou a melhoria dos meios de subsistência da comunidade quando uma grande empresa de mineração é desativada. Esta etapa tão importante de fechamento de mina, mas frequentemente não é considerada pelas empresas em seus planos de fechamento. No Brasil, a partir da década de 1980 as questões ambientais que envolvem o fechamento de minas têm sido amplamente discutidas devido às novas leis e regulamentos ambientais. Contudo, os aspectos sociais foram ignorados não só pelas empresas, mas também pela sociedade como um todo e legisladores. Projetos de mineração podem representar um progresso a nível nacional e regional, mas localmente o desenvolvimento das comunidades é questionável. Estudos focados em responsabilidade social têm a mostra que empresas de mineração têm sido cometidos com o seu papel social, mas atualmente, a sociedade está discutindo a possibilidade de uma mina para gerar benefícios socioeconômicos sustentáveis durante e após a operação de uma mina. Este é o interesse deste trabalho: analisar as consequências sociais e os impactos de uma comunidade, após o encerramento das atividades de uma mina. Utilizou-se pesquisa qualitativa com entrevistas semi-estruturadas para o caso de Caldas, um município localizado no sul de Minas Gerais, onde uma mina de urânio operada a partir de 1959 até 1997. Como meios de vida consideramos os cinco princípios de capital proposto pelo DFID para desenvolver projetos de apoio à redução da pobreza nos países em desenvolvimento: capital humano, capital financeiro, capital físico, capital social e capital natural. Estes são recursos que, em tempos de crise, as comunidades podem mobilizar para manter seus meios de vida. Na revisão da literatura, o autor tentou contextualizar mineração e seus impactos tanto em nível nacional quanto local, a fim de associá-los aos conceitos de fechamento de minas e comunidades. Com relação ao estudo mina de urânio, as percepções de diferentes atores foram obtidas. Ficou claro que o capital natural, o ambiente, é a principal razão para queixas desde o legado de drenagem ácida de mina é uma grande preocupação por resolver. A
falta de participação da comunidade antes, durante e após as operações mineiras é revelado como a principal fonte de problema para a relação a minha comunidade. A percepção pública tem gerado muitos conflitos ao longo dos anos e parece longe de ser resolvida, desde que a empresa ainda mantém política de não-transparência levantando suspeita e frustração na comunidade. O estudo demonstra ainda que a comunidade não tem a percepção da questão central que é o fechamento de mina, desta forma a mineração busca manter o foco das discussões levantadas pela comunidade para transferir para o futuro as ações de fechamento da mina.
This thesis aims to address social issues involving the maintenance or improvement of community livelihoods, when a large mining company is decommissioned. This an important step of mine closure frequently not considered by the companies in their closure plans. In Brazil, from the 1980's the environmental issues involving the mine closure have been widely discussed due to new environmental laws and regulations. However, the social aspects have been overlooked not only by companies but also by society as a whole and legislators. Mining projects may represent progress at the national and regional level, but locally the development of the communities is questionable. Studies focused on social responsibility have show that mining companies have been committed with their social role, but currently, the society is discussing the ability of a mine to generate sustainable socio-economic benefits during and after a mine is closed. This is the interest of this work: analyze the social consequences and impacts of a community after a mine is closed. The thesis used semi-structured qualitative data to the case of Caldas, a tow at the Southern part of the Minas Gerais State where a uranium mine operated from 1959 until 1997. As a concept of livelihood we consider the five principles of community capital proposed by DFID to develop projects to support poverty reduction in developing countries; human capital, financial capital, physical capital, social capital and natural capital. These are resources which, in times of crisis, communities can mobilize to sustain their livelihoods. In the literature review, the author tried to contextualize mining and this impact covering national and local levels in order to associate them to the concepts of mine closure and communities. Regarding the uranium mine study, the perceptions of different stakeholders were obtained and it was clear that the natural capital, the environment, is the main reason for complaints since the legacy of acid mine drainage is a great unsolved concern. The lack of community participation before, during and after operation is revealed as the main source of problem for the mine-community relationship. The public perception has generated many conflicts over the years and it seems far from resolved, since the company still keeps policy of non-transparency raising suspicion and frustration. In the same time the community doesn t have politic power and cohesion to negotiate their necessity, them the large mine maintain focus on others problems to transfer to future the strategies of mine closure
This thesis aims to address social issues involving the maintenance or improvement of community livelihoods, when a large mining company is decommissioned. This an important step of mine closure frequently not considered by the companies in their closure plans. In Brazil, from the 1980's the environmental issues involving the mine closure have been widely discussed due to new environmental laws and regulations. However, the social aspects have been overlooked not only by companies but also by society as a whole and legislators. Mining projects may represent progress at the national and regional level, but locally the development of the communities is questionable. Studies focused on social responsibility have show that mining companies have been committed with their social role, but currently, the society is discussing the ability of a mine to generate sustainable socio-economic benefits during and after a mine is closed. This is the interest of this work: analyze the social consequences and impacts of a community after a mine is closed. The thesis used semi-structured qualitative data to the case of Caldas, a tow at the Southern part of the Minas Gerais State where a uranium mine operated from 1959 until 1997. As a concept of livelihood we consider the five principles of community capital proposed by DFID to develop projects to support poverty reduction in developing countries; human capital, financial capital, physical capital, social capital and natural capital. These are resources which, in times of crisis, communities can mobilize to sustain their livelihoods. In the literature review, the author tried to contextualize mining and this impact covering national and local levels in order to associate them to the concepts of mine closure and communities. Regarding the uranium mine study, the perceptions of different stakeholders were obtained and it was clear that the natural capital, the environment, is the main reason for complaints since the legacy of acid mine drainage is a great unsolved concern. The lack of community participation before, during and after operation is revealed as the main source of problem for the mine-community relationship. The public perception has generated many conflicts over the years and it seems far from resolved, since the company still keeps policy of non-transparency raising suspicion and frustration. In the same time the community doesn t have politic power and cohesion to negotiate their necessity, them the large mine maintain focus on others problems to transfer to future the strategies of mine closure