Efetividade de projetos de desenvolvimento local na perspectiva da avaliação de impacto social
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Tese
Data
2022
Autores
Carvalho, F. M. C. de
Orientador
Demajorovic, Jacques
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Citação
CARVALHO, F. M. C. de. Efetividade de projetos de desenvolvimento local na perspectiva da avaliação de impacto social: estudos de caso no litoral do Piauí. 2022. 207 f. Tese (Doutorado em Administração de Empresas) - Centro Universitário FEI, São Paulo, 2022. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.31414/ADM.2022.T.131597.
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Mudança social
Resumo
A expansão significativa da produção de camarão em cativeiro dos empreendimentos carcinicultores do litoral do Piauí tem gerado diversos resultados contraditórios. Apesar do desempenho econômico significativo, os diversos impactos ambientais e sociais negativos têm contribuído para que a atividade comprometa a sustentabilidade do território. Uma das razões desse fenômeno está ligada ao fato de que as pesquisas sobre a produção de camarão em cativeiro nos cenários nacional e internacional priorizam o entendimento dos impactos ambientais, buscando dimensionar os danos provocados por esta atividade nas Comunidades e em seu entorno, desconsiderando os aspectos sociais. As mudanças na vida das Comunidades de pescadores artesanais deixam evidente a necessidade de avançar para uma perspectiva mais sistemática e ampliada da relação desses empreendimentos com o desenvolvimento local. Um instrumento que pode contribuir para a superação desses desafios é a Avaliação de Impacto Social (AIS) ao permitir que os esforços para maximizar impactos positivos e minimizar os negativos dos projetos de desenvolvimento, de origem pública ou privada, sejam concretizados, potencializados, ao avaliar processos de mudança social em profundidade. Considerando um inter-relacionamento estre os campos teóricos “Desenvolvimento local” e “AIS”, esta pesquisa buscou responder: como os impactos sociais da produção de camarão em cativeiro se relacionam com a efetividade de projetos de desenvolvimento local? O objetivo geral foi: analisar os impactos sociais da produção de camarão em cativeiro e suas relações com a efetividade de projetos de desenvolvimento local. Os procedimentos metodológicos incluíram a seleção de dois estudos de caso no litoral do Piauí, realização de entrevistas com múltiplos stakeholders, análise documental e de conteúdo, análise dos com base nas categorias definidas a partir da revisão da literatura, usando a técnica de análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2004), após a organização e refinamento das codificações obtidas com software do tipo Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis (CAQDAS), o NVivo. Os empreendimentos carcinicultores geram impactos nas categorias econômica, institucional, ambiental, cultura e social. As Comunidades percebem esses impactos, mas avaliam que a contrapartida da renda e empregos gerados pelos empreendimentos poderia ser mais efetiva. Considerando a permanência dos baixos índices como IDH-M e escolarização, a contribuição dos empreendimentos é entendida como não efetiva
The significant expansion of captivity shrimp production by shrimp farming enterprises on the coast of Piauí has several contradictory results. Despite the relevant economic performance, several negative environmental and social impacts compromise the sustainability of the territory's economic activity. One of the causes of this phenomenon is connected to the fact that researches on shrimp production in captivity in national and international scenarios prioritize the understanding of environmental impacts, seeking to measure the damage caused in the environment while ignoring aspects of social communities. The cultural changes, from local traditions, of fishing communities’ lives, make clear the need for a more and amplified systematic relationship of these enterprises with local development. An instrument that can contribute to overcoming these challenges is the Social Impact Assessment (SIA), which defends the efforts to maximize the positive and minimize the negative impacts of public or private development projects can be realized and even Enhanced with the use of methods that deeply evaluate the processes of social changes to promote sustainable local development. Based on an interrelationship perspective between the theory field, local development, and the SIA, this research sought to answer the question: what are the social impacts of shrimp farming and its relationship with local development projects? The aim was to analyze the social impacts of shrimp farming and its relationship with the impacts of local development projects. The methodological procedures included the selection of two case studies on the coast of Piaui, which privileged interviews with stakeholders, documental analysis, and data analysis. The data was analyzed using the categories taken from literature, and data analysis (BARDIN, 2004), after the organization and refinement of coding of it through Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis (CAQDAS), NVivo. The results show that shrimp farming enterprises produce impacts in economic, institutional, environmental, and social categories. Communities perceive these impacts but evaluate that the counterpart of the income and job creation generated by the enterprises could be more effective. Considering the persistence of low indices such as HDI-M and schooling, the contribution of enterprises is conceived as ineffective
The significant expansion of captivity shrimp production by shrimp farming enterprises on the coast of Piauí has several contradictory results. Despite the relevant economic performance, several negative environmental and social impacts compromise the sustainability of the territory's economic activity. One of the causes of this phenomenon is connected to the fact that researches on shrimp production in captivity in national and international scenarios prioritize the understanding of environmental impacts, seeking to measure the damage caused in the environment while ignoring aspects of social communities. The cultural changes, from local traditions, of fishing communities’ lives, make clear the need for a more and amplified systematic relationship of these enterprises with local development. An instrument that can contribute to overcoming these challenges is the Social Impact Assessment (SIA), which defends the efforts to maximize the positive and minimize the negative impacts of public or private development projects can be realized and even Enhanced with the use of methods that deeply evaluate the processes of social changes to promote sustainable local development. Based on an interrelationship perspective between the theory field, local development, and the SIA, this research sought to answer the question: what are the social impacts of shrimp farming and its relationship with local development projects? The aim was to analyze the social impacts of shrimp farming and its relationship with the impacts of local development projects. The methodological procedures included the selection of two case studies on the coast of Piaui, which privileged interviews with stakeholders, documental analysis, and data analysis. The data was analyzed using the categories taken from literature, and data analysis (BARDIN, 2004), after the organization and refinement of coding of it through Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis (CAQDAS), NVivo. The results show that shrimp farming enterprises produce impacts in economic, institutional, environmental, and social categories. Communities perceive these impacts but evaluate that the counterpart of the income and job creation generated by the enterprises could be more effective. Considering the persistence of low indices such as HDI-M and schooling, the contribution of enterprises is conceived as ineffective