Dimensionamento e modelagem de um sistema kers para ônibus urbano utilizando o software simulink
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Citações na Scopus
Tipo de produção
Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso
Data
2022
Autores
Pastori, Gabriel Toledo
Campos, Higor Davi Pereira de
Cembranelli, Luise Morita
Mendes, Pedro Henrique Alves
Sorrila, Roberto Nascimento
Campos, Higor Davi Pereira de
Cembranelli, Luise Morita
Mendes, Pedro Henrique Alves
Sorrila, Roberto Nascimento
Orientador
Mendes, Andre de Souza
Periódico
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Citação
Texto completo (DOI)
Palavras-chave
frenagem,flywheel,ônibus,eficiência,consumo,braking,bus,efficiency,consumption
Resumo
Um dos sistemas mais importantes de um veículo automobilístico é o seu sistema de frenagem. Tal sistema consiste na utilização do atrito como neutralizador do movimento de avanço do veículo. Através da ampliação, conversão e transmissão da pressão aplicada no pedal de freio, as pastilhas de freio são comprimidas ao disco ou tambor de freio, gerando atrito e consequentemente a desaceleração do veículo. Embora cumpra com seu objetivo, o sistema de frenagem é responsável por um dos mais graves problemas de eficiência de um automóvel. O atrito produzido gera uma grande dissipação da energia em forma de calor, essa energia é completamente desperdiçada resultando na redução da eficiência energética do veículo. Assim sendo, adaptações ao sistema de frenagem com o intuito de reduzir o desperdício de energia através da reutilização dela vêm sendo estudadas deste então. Uma das principais e mais promissoras é a integração do sistema de frenagem com um Sistema de Recuperação de Energia (KERS, da sigla em inglês). O KERS, objetivamente, consiste no uso de um volante de inércia (High-Speed-Flywheel) para armazenar parte da energia de frenagem e reutilizá-la para fazer o veículo voltar a se locomover quando requisitado. Essa alternativa costuma apresentar bons rendimentos em comparação às demais já que nenhuma conversão de energia é requisitada (a energia armazenada também é cinética). Tendo em vista tais aspectos, é proposto o projeto de um sistema KERS, aliado ao desenvolvimento de um modelo em Simulink capaz de simular em regime transiente a sua atuação em um ônibus urbano, compreendendo que este veículo apresenta constantes frenagens e retomadas de movimento. Assim, otimizando sua eficiência energética, diminuindo o consumo de combustível e consequentemente reduzindo a poluição atmosférica gerada pelo ônibus urbano. Foi mapeado um percurso real com um sistema arduíno uno e extraído dados de velocidades e quantidade de paradas do ônibus urbano para dimensionar o flywheel. Após as análises o flywheel foi capaz de fornecer até 3,2 M J de energia, sendo responsável por 53,7% da energia necessária para a condição de maior aceleração. Concluindo que, sem a utilização do flywheel seria gasto R$1,91 de diesel para que o motor pudesse fornecer a energia necessária na condição de aceleração máxima, já com a utilização do flywheel o valor seria de R$0,88, uma redução de R$1,03.
One of the most important systems in an automobile vehicle is its braking. Such a system consists of the use of friction as a neutralizer of the movement of vehicle advancement. By enlarging, converting and transmitting the pressure applied to the pedal brake pads, the brake pads are compressed to the brake disc or drum, generating friction and consequently the deceleration of the vehicle. Although it fulfills its purpose, the system braking is responsible for one of the most serious efficiency problems in a car. The friction produced generates a great dissipation of energy in the form of heat, this energy is completely wasted resulting in reduced vehicle energy efficiency. So adaptations to the braking system in order to reduce energy waste through its reuse have been studied since then. One of the main and most promising is the integration of the braking system with an Energy Recovery System (KERS). KERS, objectively, consists in the use of a flywheel (High-Speed-Flywheel) to store part of the braking energy and reuse it to make the vehicle to move again when requested. This alternative usually presents good yields compared to the others since no energy conversion is required (the stored energy is also kinetic). In view of these aspects, the design of a KERS system is proposed, combined with the development of a model in Simulink capable of simulating in a transient regime its performance in an urban bus, understanding that this vehicle has constant braking and resumption of movement. Thus, optimizing its energy efficiency, reducing the consumption of fuel and consequently reducing the atmospheric pollution generated by the urban bus. A real course was mapped with an arduino uno system and speed data was extracted and number of urban bus stops to scale the flywheel. After the analyzes the flywheel was able to provide up to 3,2M J of energy, accounting for 53,7% of the energy required for the highest acceleration condition. Concluding that, without the use of the flywheel R$1,91 of diesel would be spent so that the engine could supply the necessary energy in the condition of maximum acceleration, with the use of the flywheel the value would be R$0,88, a reduction of R$1,03.
One of the most important systems in an automobile vehicle is its braking. Such a system consists of the use of friction as a neutralizer of the movement of vehicle advancement. By enlarging, converting and transmitting the pressure applied to the pedal brake pads, the brake pads are compressed to the brake disc or drum, generating friction and consequently the deceleration of the vehicle. Although it fulfills its purpose, the system braking is responsible for one of the most serious efficiency problems in a car. The friction produced generates a great dissipation of energy in the form of heat, this energy is completely wasted resulting in reduced vehicle energy efficiency. So adaptations to the braking system in order to reduce energy waste through its reuse have been studied since then. One of the main and most promising is the integration of the braking system with an Energy Recovery System (KERS). KERS, objectively, consists in the use of a flywheel (High-Speed-Flywheel) to store part of the braking energy and reuse it to make the vehicle to move again when requested. This alternative usually presents good yields compared to the others since no energy conversion is required (the stored energy is also kinetic). In view of these aspects, the design of a KERS system is proposed, combined with the development of a model in Simulink capable of simulating in a transient regime its performance in an urban bus, understanding that this vehicle has constant braking and resumption of movement. Thus, optimizing its energy efficiency, reducing the consumption of fuel and consequently reducing the atmospheric pollution generated by the urban bus. A real course was mapped with an arduino uno system and speed data was extracted and number of urban bus stops to scale the flywheel. After the analyzes the flywheel was able to provide up to 3,2M J of energy, accounting for 53,7% of the energy required for the highest acceleration condition. Concluding that, without the use of the flywheel R$1,91 of diesel would be spent so that the engine could supply the necessary energy in the condition of maximum acceleration, with the use of the flywheel the value would be R$0,88, a reduction of R$1,03.