Matriz de avaliação de externalidades dinâmicas nos ecossistemas de inovação de dois programas estratégicos do setor aeroespacial de defesa
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Tese
Data
2022
Autores
Ramalho, T. de S.
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Bernardes, Roberto Carlos
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RAMALHO, T. de S. Matriz de avaliação de externalidades dinâmicas nos ecossistemas de inovação de dois programas estratégicos do setor aeroespacial de defesa. 2022. 239 f. Tese (Doutorado em Administração de Empresas) - Centro Universitário FEI, São Paulo, 2022 Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.31414/ADM.2022.T.131684.
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Desenvolvimento organizacional,Aprendizagem
Resumo
Os programas estratégicos desenvolvidos pelas Forças Armadas (FA) utilizam as estratégias de gestão da inovação radical e da inovação aberta em seu processo de escolha e desenvolvimento de P&D complexa, pois constituem na prática plataformas que integram conhecimentos diversos de alta intensidade tecnológica e científica. Entre os diversos programas desenvolvidos pelas FAs, estão o ASTROS 2020 do Exército Brasileiro (EB) - cuja empresa focal é a EMBRAER - e o F-X2 Gripen, da Força Aérea Brasileira (FAB) - cuja empresa focal é AVIBRAS- ambos pertencentes ao setor aeroespacial de Defesa. Eles foram escolhidos para este estudo, por serem indutores de transformação das FAs, por possuírem incentivo de grande magnitude financeira e por auxiliarem o desenvolvimento e busca da autonomia de tecnologia sensíveis para o País. Baseado nesse argumento, é de extrema relevância avaliar os impactos da aprendizagem para a acumulação de capacidades tecnológicas
que os dois programas possuem, bem como suas externalidades nos ecossistemas de inovação de Defesa aeroespacial. Lacuna de pesquisa: Ausência de estudos e de métodos para o desenvolvimento de externalidades dinâmicas nos ecossistemas de Programas Complexos de
Defesa orientados para a inovação radical. Falta de abordagens sobre estratégias, estruturação, arquitetura e modelagem para a execução dos Programas Complexos no setor aeroespacial de Defesa. Objetivo: o objetivo principal deste estudo foi avaliar os resultados da aprendizagem
para a acumulação de capacidades tecnológicas e a estratégia de gestão de dois programas estratégicos do setor aeroespacial ou de Defesa - F-X2 GRIPEN e ASTROS 2020 e suas externalidades dinâmicas nos ecossistemas de inovação de Defesa aeroespacial. Método: Foi realizada pesquisa aplicada com abordagem qualitativa tendo como unidade de análise os dois programas estratégicos e como método de pesquisa um estudo multicaso integrado aos seus ecossistemas de inovação – empresas focais, fornecedores, complementadores, desenvolvedores e universidades. Realizaram-se análises documental e de conteúdo, bem como entrevistas abertas e semiestruturadas com os atores envolvidos nos dois programas. Contribuição Teórica: O estudo acrescentou como principal contribuição acadêmica a elaboração de um modelo analítico teórico com meios para identificar os principais resultados quanto a externalidades geradas nos ecossistemas dos dois programas estratégicos de inovação, visto que tais programas possuem focos diferentes, em que um é mais voltado para a capacitação técnica do País (F-X2 GRIPEN) e o outro, para a competição de mercado, ou seja, visa ao produto (ASTROS 2020). Contribuição Prática: Este estudo contribuiu com o conhecimento sobre os programas estratégicos do setor aeroespacial de Defesa e com a informação sobre a aprendizagem para a acumulação de capacidades tecnológicas e as externalidades geradas nos ecossistemas tanto do ASTROS 2020 quanto do F-X2 GRIPEN. Além disso, poderá auxiliar a criação de políticas públicas para ecossistemas de inovação
Strategic programs developed by the Armed Forces (AF) use radical innovation and open innovation management strategies in their process of choosing and developing complex R&D, as they constitute, in practice, platforms that integrate diverse high technological knowledge and scientific intensity. Among the various programs developed by the AF, are the ASTROS 2020 of the Brazilian Army (EB) - whose focal company is EMBRAER - and the F-X2 Gripen, of the Brazilian Air Force (FAB) - whose focal company is AVIBRAS - both of the defense aerospace sector. They were chosen for this study, as they are inductors of transformation in the AF, since they have of great financial incentives and help development and research autonomy of sensitive technology for the country. Based on this, it is extremely important to assess the learning impacts for technological capabilities that the two programs present, as well as their externalities in the aerospace defense innovation ecosystems. Research gap: Absence of studies and methods for the development of dynamic externalities in the ecosystems of Complex Defense Programs oriented towards radical innovation. Lack of approaches for strategies, structuring, architecture and modeling for the execution of Complex Programs in the Defense aerospace sector. Objective: the main objective of this study was to evaluate the learning outcomes for technological capability accumulation and the strategy management of two strategic programs in the aerospace and defense sector - F-X2 GRIPEN and ASTROS 2020 and their dynamic externalities in innovation ecosystems of Aerospace Defense. Method: Applied research was carried out with a qualitative approach, using the two strategic programs as a unit of analysis and, as a research method, a multi-case integrated study of their innovation ecosystems - focal companies, suppliers, complementors, developers and universities. Documental and content analyzes were carried out, as well as open and semi-structured interviews with interested parties involved in the two programs. Theoretical Contribution: The study’s main academic contribution was the elaboration of a theoretical analytical model with means to identify the main results regarding the externalities generated in the ecosystems of the two strategic innovation programs. Both programs have a different focus: one aimed at technical training (F-X2 GRIPEN) and the other at market competition (ASTROS 2020). Practical Contributions: This study contributed, in an applied way, to the understanding of strategic programs of the defense aerospace sector and with information on learning strategies for technological capability accumulation and the externalities generated by the ASTROS 2020 and F-X2 GRIPEN ecosystems. Furthermore, this study may be useful in creating public policies for innovation ecosystems
Strategic programs developed by the Armed Forces (AF) use radical innovation and open innovation management strategies in their process of choosing and developing complex R&D, as they constitute, in practice, platforms that integrate diverse high technological knowledge and scientific intensity. Among the various programs developed by the AF, are the ASTROS 2020 of the Brazilian Army (EB) - whose focal company is EMBRAER - and the F-X2 Gripen, of the Brazilian Air Force (FAB) - whose focal company is AVIBRAS - both of the defense aerospace sector. They were chosen for this study, as they are inductors of transformation in the AF, since they have of great financial incentives and help development and research autonomy of sensitive technology for the country. Based on this, it is extremely important to assess the learning impacts for technological capabilities that the two programs present, as well as their externalities in the aerospace defense innovation ecosystems. Research gap: Absence of studies and methods for the development of dynamic externalities in the ecosystems of Complex Defense Programs oriented towards radical innovation. Lack of approaches for strategies, structuring, architecture and modeling for the execution of Complex Programs in the Defense aerospace sector. Objective: the main objective of this study was to evaluate the learning outcomes for technological capability accumulation and the strategy management of two strategic programs in the aerospace and defense sector - F-X2 GRIPEN and ASTROS 2020 and their dynamic externalities in innovation ecosystems of Aerospace Defense. Method: Applied research was carried out with a qualitative approach, using the two strategic programs as a unit of analysis and, as a research method, a multi-case integrated study of their innovation ecosystems - focal companies, suppliers, complementors, developers and universities. Documental and content analyzes were carried out, as well as open and semi-structured interviews with interested parties involved in the two programs. Theoretical Contribution: The study’s main academic contribution was the elaboration of a theoretical analytical model with means to identify the main results regarding the externalities generated in the ecosystems of the two strategic innovation programs. Both programs have a different focus: one aimed at technical training (F-X2 GRIPEN) and the other at market competition (ASTROS 2020). Practical Contributions: This study contributed, in an applied way, to the understanding of strategic programs of the defense aerospace sector and with information on learning strategies for technological capability accumulation and the externalities generated by the ASTROS 2020 and F-X2 GRIPEN ecosystems. Furthermore, this study may be useful in creating public policies for innovation ecosystems