STIMGRASP: estimulador neuromuscular para restauração de padrões de preensão
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Citações na Scopus
Tipo de produção
Dissertação
Data
2017
Autores
Barelli, R. G.
Orientador
Castro, M. C. F.
Periódico
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Título de Volume
Citação
BARELLI, R. G. STIMGRASP: estimulador neuromuscular para restauração de padrões de preensão. 2017. 144 p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Elétrica) - Centro Universitário FEI, São Bernardo do Campo, 2017. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 3 ago. 2018.
Texto completo (DOI)
Palavras-chave
Quadriplegia,Estimulação elétrica transcutânea do nervo,Órtese portátil,Neuroprótese
Resumo
Este trabalho se propôs a desenvolver uma neuroprótese formada por um Estimulador Elétrico Neuromuscular juntamente com uma órtese com eletrodos, voltada à restauração de padrões de preensão em tetraplégicos, com lesões nas vértebras C5 e C6, com foco em portabilidade e usabilidade. Neste sentido, são priorizadas a abertura da mão e as preensões palmar e lateral, bem como a extensão do dedo indicador, que apresentam potencial para aumentar a autonomia do lesionado medular, fazendo-o depender menos de outras pessoas para tarefas
básicas do seu dia a dia, que antes não conseguia realizar pela falta de força e destreza nas mãos. A revisão bibliográfica, bem como dos princípios da estimulação elétrica neuromuscular, e por fim da fisiologia neuromuscular, possibilitaram a definição de parâmetros e diretrizes para o delineamento da solução proposta. A revisão bibliográfica traz à tona ainda, a escassez, nos dias atuais, de projetos voltados ao usuário final, ou seja, a falta de opções de sistemas para lesionados medulares utilizarem cotidianamente, após o atendimento fisioterápico inicial e sem estarem vinculados a pesquisas acadêmicas, por exemplo. O estimulador proposto possui também tal compromisso, tanto com
miniaturização, quanto com portabilidade, para tornar possível e viável o seu uso cotidiano. Como interface de usuário foi adotado o smartphone, em virtude de sua flexibilidade na criação de aplicativos, podendo-se ainda explorar uma grande quantidade de recursos oriundos da teoria de Interface Humano-Computador, culminando em uma interface simples, eficiente e de fácil aprendizagem. Após o desenvolvimento, o estimulador foi testado em bancada, em um voluntário sem lesões neuromusculares e em um voluntário com lesão C6, e sua funcionalidade foi comprovada.
A órtese desenvolvida se mostrou funcional, e embora com alguma dificuldade, o voluntário foi capaz de acoplá-la e desacoplá-la sem auxílio de terceiros. No teste piloto, realizado em uma única sessão, foi possível obter a preensão palmar e a extensão do indicador. Contudo, algumas das contrações obtidas tiveram qualidade aquém da desejada para preensões funcionais, podendo-se atribuir este fato ao grau de atrofia da musculatura do voluntário. O grau de miniaturização obtido, o tempo de autonomia da bateria, a simplicidade no controle via smartphone, dentre outros pontos, indicam que o sistema está no caminho certo para se tornar um aparato para auxiliar o lesionado medular nas atividades cotidianas, objetivo ao qual se propõe.
This research proposed the development of a neuroprosthesis based on a Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulator with an orthosis for the electrodes, aiming the restoration of grasp patterns in tetraplegics, with lesions at C5 and C6, focusing on portability and usability. This way, the palmar and lateral grasps, as well as the index finger extension are priorized, due to their potential to increase the disabled s autonomy, making them less dependent of others to do daily life activities that they couldn t do previously, due the lack of strength and dexterity of their hands. The state-of-art, as well as the principles of neuromuscular electrical stimulation, and finally the neuromuscular physiology, made possible the definition of parameters and directions to the design of the proposed solution. The state-of-art also brings the nowadays lack of projects focused on the end user, that is, lack of options for the daily use, after initial physical therapy and without being linked to academic researches, for instance. The proposed stimulator also have this commitment, both with miniaturization as well as with portability, making possible and feasible its daily use. As control interface, it was adopted the smartphone, because of its flexibility at application creation, allowing even the use of the large range of resources of the theory of HumanMachine Interface, leading to a simple, efficient and easy to learn interface. After the development, the stimulator was evaluated at bench, on a volunteer without neurommuscular disease, and on a C6 volunteer, and its functionality has been proved. The developed orthosis showed itself functional, and despite some difficulty, the C6 volunteer was capable of attach and detach it without help. At the pilot test, performed in only one section, it was possible to attain palmar grasp and index finger extension typing. Nevertheless, some contractions obtained had lower quality than the expected for functional grasps, which can be assigned to the level of muscular atrophy of the C6 volunteer. The miniaturization level obtained, the battery runtime, added to the simplicity of the control interface at Android application, besides other points, show that the system is on the right way to become a gadget able to assist the spinal cord injured subjects on daily activities, objective to which it is proposed.
This research proposed the development of a neuroprosthesis based on a Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulator with an orthosis for the electrodes, aiming the restoration of grasp patterns in tetraplegics, with lesions at C5 and C6, focusing on portability and usability. This way, the palmar and lateral grasps, as well as the index finger extension are priorized, due to their potential to increase the disabled s autonomy, making them less dependent of others to do daily life activities that they couldn t do previously, due the lack of strength and dexterity of their hands. The state-of-art, as well as the principles of neuromuscular electrical stimulation, and finally the neuromuscular physiology, made possible the definition of parameters and directions to the design of the proposed solution. The state-of-art also brings the nowadays lack of projects focused on the end user, that is, lack of options for the daily use, after initial physical therapy and without being linked to academic researches, for instance. The proposed stimulator also have this commitment, both with miniaturization as well as with portability, making possible and feasible its daily use. As control interface, it was adopted the smartphone, because of its flexibility at application creation, allowing even the use of the large range of resources of the theory of HumanMachine Interface, leading to a simple, efficient and easy to learn interface. After the development, the stimulator was evaluated at bench, on a volunteer without neurommuscular disease, and on a C6 volunteer, and its functionality has been proved. The developed orthosis showed itself functional, and despite some difficulty, the C6 volunteer was capable of attach and detach it without help. At the pilot test, performed in only one section, it was possible to attain palmar grasp and index finger extension typing. Nevertheless, some contractions obtained had lower quality than the expected for functional grasps, which can be assigned to the level of muscular atrophy of the C6 volunteer. The miniaturization level obtained, the battery runtime, added to the simplicity of the control interface at Android application, besides other points, show that the system is on the right way to become a gadget able to assist the spinal cord injured subjects on daily activities, objective to which it is proposed.