Aproveitamento da casca de coco na produção de carvão ativado para aplicação em efluentes sintéticos contendo paracetamol
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Tipo de produção
Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso
Data
2023-06-15
Autores
Cerqueira, Stefanny Leobina dos Santos
Bezerra, Breno Villa Rubio
Pereira, Gustavo Nogueira Nunes
Mota, Haimêe Milena Prata
Bezerra, Breno Villa Rubio
Pereira, Gustavo Nogueira Nunes
Mota, Haimêe Milena Prata
Orientador
Giannetti, Andreia de Araújo Morandim
Periódico
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Citação
Texto completo (DOI)
Palavras-chave
adsorção,bioadsorvente,carvão ativado,tratamento de efluentes,fármacos,adsorption,biosorbent,activated charcoal,wastewater treatment,drugs
Resumo
Em grandes centros urbanos, é comum a contaminação de efluentes por fármacos provenientes tanto do descarte indevido quanto naturalmente, isto é, quando não ocorre absorção completa em um organismo vivo. O acúmulo destes resíduos é muito prejudicial ao meio ambiente e à saúde humana. Assim, durante o desenvolvimento do presente trabalho, inicialmente foi realizada a produção de carvão ativado a partir de casca de coco verde e, posteriormente, o mesmo foi utilizado no tratamento de efluentes sintéticos contendo paracetamol. Dessa forma, durante a produção do carvão ativado, foi realizado o processo de ativação com ácido fosfórico seguida da etapa de carbonização. O material obtido foi submetido a caracterizações via FTIR bem como DRX e determinação de tamanho de partícula sendo que a análise dos dados confirma a formação do mesmo. Com relação ao tamanho de partícula, verifica-se que o mesmo foi de 616,4 μm, significativamente maior do que a do carvão comercial (79,49 μm). Após essa etapa, foram realizados os experimentos de adsorção e determinada a dosagem ideal de adsorvente como 4,0 g/L que levou a uma redução da concentração de paracetamol de 78,18 ± 0,56 (q = 72,75 ± 0,52). Também foram determinados a temperatura e o tempo ideais de trabalho (40ºC e 20 min). Para isso, durante o estudo cinético, foram utilizados os modelos pseudo primeira ordem, pseudo segunda ordem, Weber e Morris e, Elovich sendo verificado que o modelo que mais se ajustou foi o de pseudo segunda ordem (qmax = 78,74 mg/g). Já, durante a avaliação das isotermas de adsorção, foram avaliadas as isotermas de Langmuir, Freundlich e Temkin. Através da análise dos dados, verifica-se que, com o aumento da temperatura, aumenta a porcentagem de remoção de paracetamol, porém, acima de 40 ºC, começa a ocorrer uma redução no percentual de remoção. Também foi possível verificar que o modelo que melhor se ajustou aos dados foi o da isoterma de Temkin.
In large urban centers, contamination of effluents by drugs from improper and natural disposal is expected, that is, when complete absorption does not occur in a living organism. The accumulation of these residues harms the environment and human health. Thus, during the development of the present work, activated carbon was initially produced from green coconut shells, and later, it was used in the treatment of synthetic effluents containing paracetamol. Therefore, the activation process with phosphoric acid was carried out during the production of activated carbon, followed by the carbonization step. The material obtained was subjected to characterizations via FTIR, DRX, and particle size determination, and data analysis confirms its formation. It appears that particle size was 616.4 μm, significantly more extensive than commercial charcoal (79.49 μm). After this step, adsorption experiments were carried out, and the ideal adsorbent dosage was determined as 4.0 g.L-1, which led to a reduction in the paracetamol concentration of 78.18 ± 0.56% (q = 72.75 ± 0.52 mg.g-1). The ideal working temperature and time (50°C and 20 min) were also determined. For this, during the kinetic study, the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Weber and Morris and Elovich models were used, and it was verified that the model that best fit was the pseudo-second-order (qmax = 78.74 mg.g-1). During the evaluation of the adsorption isotherms, the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms were evaluated. Through data analysis, it is verified that, with the increase in temperature, the percentage of paracetamol removal increases; however, above 40ºC, a reduction in the removal percentage begins to occur. It was also possible to verify that the model that best fitted the data was the Temkin isotherm.
In large urban centers, contamination of effluents by drugs from improper and natural disposal is expected, that is, when complete absorption does not occur in a living organism. The accumulation of these residues harms the environment and human health. Thus, during the development of the present work, activated carbon was initially produced from green coconut shells, and later, it was used in the treatment of synthetic effluents containing paracetamol. Therefore, the activation process with phosphoric acid was carried out during the production of activated carbon, followed by the carbonization step. The material obtained was subjected to characterizations via FTIR, DRX, and particle size determination, and data analysis confirms its formation. It appears that particle size was 616.4 μm, significantly more extensive than commercial charcoal (79.49 μm). After this step, adsorption experiments were carried out, and the ideal adsorbent dosage was determined as 4.0 g.L-1, which led to a reduction in the paracetamol concentration of 78.18 ± 0.56% (q = 72.75 ± 0.52 mg.g-1). The ideal working temperature and time (50°C and 20 min) were also determined. For this, during the kinetic study, the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Weber and Morris and Elovich models were used, and it was verified that the model that best fit was the pseudo-second-order (qmax = 78.74 mg.g-1). During the evaluation of the adsorption isotherms, the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms were evaluated. Through data analysis, it is verified that, with the increase in temperature, the percentage of paracetamol removal increases; however, above 40ºC, a reduction in the removal percentage begins to occur. It was also possible to verify that the model that best fitted the data was the Temkin isotherm.