Desenvolvimento do processo de produção de biodiesel a partir da semente de soja com cossolvente
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Tipo de produção
Dissertação
Data
2016
Autores
Fortini, P. L. A.
Orientador
Marin, M. P. A.
Periódico
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Citação
FORTINI, P. L. A. Desenvolvimento do processo de produção de biodiesel a partir da semente de soja com cossolvente. 2016. 151 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Química) - Centro Universitário FEI, São Bernardo do Campo, 2016 Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.31414/EQ.2016.D.128524>. Acesso em: 10 out. 2018.
Texto completo (DOI)
Palavras-chave
Biodiesel,Transesterificação
Resumo
Devido previsão de esgotamento da energia gerada por combustíveis de fontes não renováveis, o desenvolvimento de processos para gerar biocombustíveis se torna necessário. Neste contexto, no presente projeto foi proposto o desenvolvimento de um processo de produção de biodiesel associado à tecnologia de extração com solvente em duas fases. A extração do óleo de soja foi realizada com hexano e metanol. Após a extração, a solução leohexano obtida foi transesterificada por catálise básica sem a remoção do hexano (cossolvente) para facilitar a mistura dos reagentes, acelerar a reação e facilitar a separação do glicerol. No desenvolvimento do projeto, em uma primeira etapa foi estudado a separação dos ácidos graxos livres (AGL) do óleo de soja com soluções de hexano, metanol e água. Além disso foi determinado também a quantidade de hexano necessário para a formação de uma fase, a
conversão e cinética da reação de transesterificação com cossolvente. Com base nos resultados experimentais foi possível determinar a constante cinética para ambas as condições, com cossolvente e sem cossolvente. A constante cinética do ensaio com cossolvente foi aproximadamente 4 vezes maior do que o ensaio sem solvente, mostrando que a limitação da transferência de massa foi superada. Na etapa de desenvolvimento do processo
determinou-se que o melhor modelo a ser utilizado foi o UNIFAC para a etapa de remoção dos ácidos graxos livres e o modelo UNIFAC-DMD para as demais operações do processo. Determinou-se que a relação ótima é de 3 kg de hexano por kg de óleo e 5,4 kg de metanol por kg de óleo, para que a concentração de ácidos graxos livres fosse menor que 0,5% em base mássica. Na de transesterificação utilizou-se a razão molar de 6 mol de metanol por mol
de óleo e uma concentração mássica 0,75% de NaOH em relação ao óleo e utilizou-se a relação mássica de 1,49 kg de hexano por kg de óleo, suficiente para o equilíbrio de fases dos reagentes. Após as separações e refinos obteve-se 0,941 kg de biodiesel por kg de óleo alimentado no processo, com características físico-químicas de acordo com as especificações da ANP. Obteve-se também 0,0985 kg de glicerol por kg de óleo alimentado no processo, tendo este uma pureza de 99%.
Due to the expected depletion of the energy that is generated by non renewable fuel sources, the process development to generate biofuels is needed. Within this context, in this project was proposed the development of a process to produce biodiesel associated with a two-phases solvent extraction technology. After the extraction, the oil-hexane solution that was obtained was transesterified with basic catalysis without the hexane removal, to make easier the reactants mixture, accelerate the reaction and to make easier the glycerol separation. In the process development, the first step was the study of the free fat acids removal from the soy oil with a solutions of hexane, methanol and water. Furthermore was determined the amount of hexane needed to make one phase, the reaction yield, the reaction kinetics with and without cossolvent. With the experiments results it was possible to determine the kinetics constant for both conditions. The constant related to the test with cossolvent was approximately 4 times greater than the test without solvent, showing that the mass transfer limitation was overcome. It was determined too that the best thermodynamic model to be used and with it simulate the process with Aspen Plus® software. The seed fed in the process was extracted with a hexane, methanol and water solution with a mass proportion of 3:5.4:1 (hexane:methanol:oil), to separate the free fat acids from the crude oil. The reaction happened with alkali homogeneous catalysis in the presence of hexane (co-solvent), it promotes the partial solubilization of the alcohol and increases the reaction rate. It was used a molar ratio of methanol:oil of 6:1 and a mass ratio of 0.75% of NaOH and 1.49 of hexane in relation to the oil. After the purification, it was obtained 0.941 kg of biodiesel per kg of oil fed to the process, and it meets the ANP regulations in some of the physicochemical proprieties. It was obtained also 0.0985 kg of glycerin per kg of oil fed to the process with 99% purity.
Due to the expected depletion of the energy that is generated by non renewable fuel sources, the process development to generate biofuels is needed. Within this context, in this project was proposed the development of a process to produce biodiesel associated with a two-phases solvent extraction technology. After the extraction, the oil-hexane solution that was obtained was transesterified with basic catalysis without the hexane removal, to make easier the reactants mixture, accelerate the reaction and to make easier the glycerol separation. In the process development, the first step was the study of the free fat acids removal from the soy oil with a solutions of hexane, methanol and water. Furthermore was determined the amount of hexane needed to make one phase, the reaction yield, the reaction kinetics with and without cossolvent. With the experiments results it was possible to determine the kinetics constant for both conditions. The constant related to the test with cossolvent was approximately 4 times greater than the test without solvent, showing that the mass transfer limitation was overcome. It was determined too that the best thermodynamic model to be used and with it simulate the process with Aspen Plus® software. The seed fed in the process was extracted with a hexane, methanol and water solution with a mass proportion of 3:5.4:1 (hexane:methanol:oil), to separate the free fat acids from the crude oil. The reaction happened with alkali homogeneous catalysis in the presence of hexane (co-solvent), it promotes the partial solubilization of the alcohol and increases the reaction rate. It was used a molar ratio of methanol:oil of 6:1 and a mass ratio of 0.75% of NaOH and 1.49 of hexane in relation to the oil. After the purification, it was obtained 0.941 kg of biodiesel per kg of oil fed to the process, and it meets the ANP regulations in some of the physicochemical proprieties. It was obtained also 0.0985 kg of glycerin per kg of oil fed to the process with 99% purity.