A influência de imagens emocionais na dilatação pupilar e na tomada de decisão econômica intertemporal
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Tipo de produção
Tese
Data
2021
Autores
Pires, W.
Orientador
Thomaz, C. E.
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Citação
PIRES, W. A influência de imagens emocionais na dilatação pupilar e na tomada de decisão econômica intertemporal. 2021. 115 f. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia Elétrica) - Centro Universitário FEI, São Bernardo do Campo, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.31414/EE.2021.T.131322.
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A teoria tradicional de finanças relata que, por muito tempo, considerou-se como correto e, tão somente, o pensamento tradicional oriundo da economia, que sugere que as pessoas tomam decisões estritamente racionais nas escolhas econômicas corriqueiras. Contrapondo-se a esta linha, hoje, em Economia Comportamental, sabe-se que tais decisões não são tomadas com total racionalidade. Estímulos emocionais por imagens retirados da base internacional IAPS, então, foram explorados aqui para detectar eventuais interferências em decisões intertemporais monitoradas por um equipamento de Eye-tracker. Nos experimentos realizados nesta tese,
foram usados conjuntos de imagens emocionais positivas, negativas e neutras, previamente apresentadas a grupos diferentes de voluntários e, em seguida, 3 questões intertemporais idênticas para todos os 42 voluntários participantes. A primeira questão trata do recebimento
de salários em ordem crescente ou decrescente ao longo de 6 anos. A segunda questão referese ao valor mínimo exigido para valer a pena uma espera de 1 mês e para uma espera de 1 ano para receber R$ 1.000,00, e a terceira questão é referente a uma hospedagem ganha para usufruir em 1 mês, em um hotel 3 estrelas, ou, em 1 ano, em um hotel 5 estrelas. Com isso determinou-se a relação entre as imagens emocionais e as respectivas respostas pupilares, assim como as
opções feitas para as três questões de escolha econômica intertemporal. Os resultados mostram que as imagens positivas e negativas proporcionaram uma maior dilatação pupilar em relação
ao seu baseline e as imagens negativas foram responsáveis por alterar a lógica econômica. Para a primeira e terceira questões não se identificou interferências relevantes dos estímulos emocionais nas escolhas sendo que somente a metade dos voluntários, aproximadamente, optou por uma alternativa que propiciasse o maior ganho, independentemente do estímulo ao qual tenham sido previamente induzidos, indicando que o estímulo emocional, embora
comprovadamente absorvido pelo voluntário por meio da mensuração da dilatação pupilar, não foi decisivo para interferir na escolha intertemporal nestas duas questões (primeira e terceira), pois sustentaram escolhas incoerentes independentemente do tipo de estímulo. Já, na questão 2, pôde-se observar que as pessoas ao se depararem com desconto de um futuro próximo (1 mês) e distante (1 ano) tomaram decisões distintas com a lógica econômica, pois os resultados do Desconto do Futuro 1 (DF1) e Desconto do Futuro 2 (DF2) foram distintos para 1 ano direto e para 1 mês anualizado, sendo que a teoria pressupõe DF1 igual a DF2. Esta tese é o primeiro
estudo, que se tem conhecimento, a relacionar a interferência do estado emocional causado por imagens afetivas, e mensurado pela pupila, a decisões econômicas intertemporais
The traditional theory of finance, for a long time, has been considered as absolutely correct. The traditional thought originated from the economy, which suggests that people make decisions in a strictly rational way in the ordinary economic choices. Contrary to this, at present, in Behavioral Economics, it is known that decisions are not made by humans with total rationality. Emotional stimuli by images, then, were inserted to detect possible interference in decisions. The present study used 3 sets of emotional images: positive, negative and neutral, previously presented to different volunteers and displayed to determine the relationship between emotional images, the respective pupil responses, and inter-temporal economic choices. In which the first question deals with receiving wages in ascending or descending order over 6 years. The second question refers to the minimum required amount to be worth a 1- month wait and for a 1-year wait to receive R$ 1,000.00 earned and the third question concerns a hosting earned to enjoy in 1 month. in a 3-star hotel, or, in 1 year, in a 5-star hotel There is evidence that the positive and negative images provided greater pupillary dilation in relation to its baseline. For the first and three intertemporal economic questions, no interference from emotional stimuli in the choices was observed, with only about half of the volunteers opting for a choice that provides the greatest gain, regardless of the stimulus to which they were previously induced. This indicates that the emotional stimulus, although proven to be absorbed by the volunteers through the measurement of pupillary dilation, was not decisive to interfere in the intertemporal choice of these two questions (1 and 3), as they supported incoherent choices regardless of the type of stimulus. In question 2, it was observed that when faced with a discount from the near (1 month) and distant (1 year) future, they made decisions inconsistent with the economic logic, since the averages of the results of the Future Discount 1 (DF1) and Discount of the Future 2 (DF2) were 0.5170 for 1 year and 0.1987 for 1 month annualized. Thus, the theory assumes that DF1 is equal to DF2. This study is the first, to the best of our knowledge, to relate the interference of the emotional state, measured by a type of biosignal, to intertemporal economic decisions
The traditional theory of finance, for a long time, has been considered as absolutely correct. The traditional thought originated from the economy, which suggests that people make decisions in a strictly rational way in the ordinary economic choices. Contrary to this, at present, in Behavioral Economics, it is known that decisions are not made by humans with total rationality. Emotional stimuli by images, then, were inserted to detect possible interference in decisions. The present study used 3 sets of emotional images: positive, negative and neutral, previously presented to different volunteers and displayed to determine the relationship between emotional images, the respective pupil responses, and inter-temporal economic choices. In which the first question deals with receiving wages in ascending or descending order over 6 years. The second question refers to the minimum required amount to be worth a 1- month wait and for a 1-year wait to receive R$ 1,000.00 earned and the third question concerns a hosting earned to enjoy in 1 month. in a 3-star hotel, or, in 1 year, in a 5-star hotel There is evidence that the positive and negative images provided greater pupillary dilation in relation to its baseline. For the first and three intertemporal economic questions, no interference from emotional stimuli in the choices was observed, with only about half of the volunteers opting for a choice that provides the greatest gain, regardless of the stimulus to which they were previously induced. This indicates that the emotional stimulus, although proven to be absorbed by the volunteers through the measurement of pupillary dilation, was not decisive to interfere in the intertemporal choice of these two questions (1 and 3), as they supported incoherent choices regardless of the type of stimulus. In question 2, it was observed that when faced with a discount from the near (1 month) and distant (1 year) future, they made decisions inconsistent with the economic logic, since the averages of the results of the Future Discount 1 (DF1) and Discount of the Future 2 (DF2) were 0.5170 for 1 year and 0.1987 for 1 month annualized. Thus, the theory assumes that DF1 is equal to DF2. This study is the first, to the best of our knowledge, to relate the interference of the emotional state, measured by a type of biosignal, to intertemporal economic decisions