Análise numérica dos efeitos pulsativos em um motor monocilíndrico turboalimentado
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Tipo de produção
Dissertação
Data
2021
Autores
Silva, João Paulo da
Orientador
Bortolussi, R.
Serralvo Neto, R.
Serralvo Neto, R.
Periódico
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ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Citação
SILVA, João Paulo da; SERRALVO NETO, R. Análise numérica dos efeitos pulsativos em um motor monocilíndrico turboalimentado. São Bernardo do Campo, 2021. 117 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica) - Centro Universitário FEI, São Bernardo do Campo, 2021 Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.31414/EM.2021.D.131340.
Texto completo (DOI)
Palavras-chave
turbocompressores,pulsação,motores
Resumo
Durante os úlltimos anos, houve um crescente estudo em diferentes áreas do setor
automobilístico para aplicações de turbocompressores, com o objetivo de aumentar a eficiência
global dos motores de combustão interna em favor do ganho de potência, torque, redução de
consumo específico e consequentemente a redução de emissão dos gases poluentes. Os
fabricantes de automóveis têm utilizado o conceito de downsizing de maneira bastante
consistente nesta ultima década, aplicando praticamente em toda a gama de produtos. Os
motores estão cada vez menores, tanto em deslocamento volumétrico, como em número de
cilindros e associados a uma tecnologia eletrônica avançada. Além disso, a busca por
combustíveis renováveis tem ganhado espaço através do mundo, como alternativa ao uso de
combustíveis fósseis. Baseado nisso, essa pesquisa tem como objetivo simular a aplicação de
um sistema turbocompressor em um motor monocilíndrico movido a etanol e estudar a
influência do efeito pulsativo dos gases de exaustão no seu desempenho. O objeto de estudo foi
um motor Yamaha WR450 de 450cm³ que equipa o protótipo RS12 da equipe Fórmula FEI.
Inicialmente, utilizou-se a aquisição de dados do veículo para o estudo das principais condições
de utilização do motor e para entender onde esse motor naturalmente aspirado não atende as
necessidades da equipe. Posteriormente, modelou-se o motor com auxilio de um programa de
simulação computacional unidimensional AVL BOOST, nele foram inseridos todos os dados
construtivos e medidos durante as provas pelas quais o veículo é submetido na competição
Fórmula SAE nacional. A partir dos resultados do modelo aspirado, construíu-se um segundo
modelo com a aplicação de um turbocompressor comercial e analisou-se como características
de um motor com reduzido número de cilindros pode influenciar na sobrealimentação de ar.
Foram modeladas duas diferentes configurações de coletor de exaustão para se estudar um
melhor aproveitamento da dinâmica dos gases no preenchimento da turbina: uma com volume
muito pequeno (com o menor comprimento possível) e outra com um volume grande (2L). Ao
final, pode-se decidir qual aplicação proporciona o melhor compromisso para ganho de
desempenho em termos de torque e potência, na faixa de rotação determinada.
Over the past few years, there has been a growing study in different areas of the automotive sector for turbocharger applications, with the aim of increasing the overall efficiency of internal combustion engines in favor of gaining power, torque, improve specific consumption and consequently improve level emission of polluting gases. Car manufacturers have been using the concept of downsizing consistently over the past decade, applying it to the entire product range. The engines are getting smaller, both in volumetric displacement and in number of cylinders and associated with advanced electronic technology. In addition, the search for renewable fuels has been gaining space across the world, as an alternative for the replacement of fossil fuels. Based on this, this project aimed to simulate the application of a turbocharger system in a single cylinder engine powered by ethanol and to study the influence of the pulsating effect of exhaust gases on its performance. The object of study was a 450cm³ Yamaha WR450 engine that equips the Formula FEI team's RS12 prototype. Initially, vehicle data acquisition was used to study the main conditions of use of the engine and to understand where this naturally aspirated engine doesn’t meet the team's needs. Subsequently, the engine was modeled in the one-dimensional simulation software AVL BOOST, in which all was insert the constructive data and the data acquired during the tests for which the vehicle is submitted in the Brazilian Formula SAE competition. From the results of the aspirated model, a second model was built with the application of a commercial turbocharger and it was analyzed how the characteristic pulsating effect of an engine with a reduced number of cylinders can influence the engine supercharger. In order to minimize them, two different exhaust manifold configurations were modeled: one with a very small volume and the other with a large volume. At the end, it is possible to decide which application provides the best compromise for gaining performance in terms of torque and power, in the determined speed range.
Over the past few years, there has been a growing study in different areas of the automotive sector for turbocharger applications, with the aim of increasing the overall efficiency of internal combustion engines in favor of gaining power, torque, improve specific consumption and consequently improve level emission of polluting gases. Car manufacturers have been using the concept of downsizing consistently over the past decade, applying it to the entire product range. The engines are getting smaller, both in volumetric displacement and in number of cylinders and associated with advanced electronic technology. In addition, the search for renewable fuels has been gaining space across the world, as an alternative for the replacement of fossil fuels. Based on this, this project aimed to simulate the application of a turbocharger system in a single cylinder engine powered by ethanol and to study the influence of the pulsating effect of exhaust gases on its performance. The object of study was a 450cm³ Yamaha WR450 engine that equips the Formula FEI team's RS12 prototype. Initially, vehicle data acquisition was used to study the main conditions of use of the engine and to understand where this naturally aspirated engine doesn’t meet the team's needs. Subsequently, the engine was modeled in the one-dimensional simulation software AVL BOOST, in which all was insert the constructive data and the data acquired during the tests for which the vehicle is submitted in the Brazilian Formula SAE competition. From the results of the aspirated model, a second model was built with the application of a commercial turbocharger and it was analyzed how the characteristic pulsating effect of an engine with a reduced number of cylinders can influence the engine supercharger. In order to minimize them, two different exhaust manifold configurations were modeled: one with a very small volume and the other with a large volume. At the end, it is possible to decide which application provides the best compromise for gaining performance in terms of torque and power, in the determined speed range.