Aproveitamento integral de resíduos de tecido de algodão para produção de biocombustível (etanol 2G) e bioproduto (carboximetilcelulose)
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Tipo de produção
Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso
Data
2022-12-07
Autores
Silva, Bianca de Lima
Fukamizu, Daniel Isao
Silva, Denise Rodrigues Barbosa da
Gauto, Lucas Pazinato
Oshikata, Milena Sayuri Kaminaga
Blas, Natalia Silva
Fukamizu, Daniel Isao
Silva, Denise Rodrigues Barbosa da
Gauto, Lucas Pazinato
Oshikata, Milena Sayuri Kaminaga
Blas, Natalia Silva
Orientador
Pratto, Bruna
Periódico
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ISSN da Revista
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Citação
Texto completo (DOI)
Palavras-chave
etanol segunda geração,algodão,resíduos têxteis,carboximetilcelulose,hidrólise enzimática,second generation ethanol,cotton,textile waste,carboxymethylcellulose,enzymatic hydrolysis
Resumo
Com a crescente demanda por combustíveis renováveis, torna-se necessário o uso de processos que permitam o uso de materiais lignocelulósicos para produção de biocombustíveis de segunda geração. Em contrapartida, a indústria têxtil é um ramo da indústria brasileira que gera impactos negativos ao meio ambiente, em especial, pela má destinação de sua grande quantidade de resíduo. A indústria brasileira gerou em média 160 mil toneladas de resíduos têxteis por ano antes do período de pandemia (2018), sendo que a maioria destas toneladas são direcionadas à aterros. Tendo em vista o exposto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo o aproveitamento de resíduo de tecido de algodão da indústria têxtil para a obtenção de etanol de segunda geração a partir da fermentação com a levedura industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae de açúcares fermentescíveis obtidos via hidrólise enzimática do material celulósico presente no algodão. Experimentos de hidrólise enzimática foram realizados avaliando os efeitos da concentração de enzima e biomassa. Sob condições otimizadas, operando em uma concentração elevada de biomassa (20% m/v) e dosagem enzimática de 15 FPU/gcelulose, foi possível obter uma concentração de açúcares redutores de 103 g/L correspondendo à uma conversão de celulose a glicose de 47,34%. Observou-se que a carga de sólidos é o fator que mais impacta a produção de açúcares redutores da hidrólise enzimática. Por outro lado, a carga enzimática não apresentou grandes variações nas taxas de conversão, devido à fatores como o contato limitado promovido pela agitação e o tempo de reação. A fermentação da solução açucarada obtida da melhor condição experimental avaliada teve conversões acima de 99% de glicose consumida, e em média 86,91% de conversão de glicose a etanol, o qual corresponde a um teor de etanol de 42,55 g/L. Além disso, utilizando a celulose residual do tecido de algodão resultante da etapa de hidrólise, foi possível avaliar qualitativamente a produção de carboximetilcelulose (CMC) via RMN em espectrofotômetro, o que significa que os resíduos sólidos da hidrólise podem ser reaproveitados para sua produção. Sendo assim, com base no observado, o processo de produção de etanol de segunda geração a partir de resíduos de tecido de algodão mostra grande potencial principalmente após uma futura otimização da hidrólise enzimática, que possui conversão de celulose a glicose abaixo de 50%.
With the growing demand for renewable fuels, it becomes necessary to use processes that allow the use of lignocellulosic materials to produce second generation biofuels. On the other hand, the textile industry is a branch of Brazilian industry that generates negative impacts on the environment due to the poor disposal of its large amount of waste. The Brazilian industry generated an average of 160 thousand tons of textile waste per year before the pandemic period (2018), with most of these tons being sent to landfills. In view of the above, the present work aims to use cotton fabric residue from the textile industry to obtain second generation ethanol as from the fermentation with industrial yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae of fermentable sugars obtained via enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulosic material present in cotton. Enzymatic hydrolysis experiments were performed evaluating the effects of enzyme concentration and biomass. Under optimized conditions, operating at a high biomass concentration (20% m/v) and enzymatic dosage of 15 FPU/gcelulose, it was possible to obtain a reducing sugar concentration of 103 g/L corresponding to a conversion of cellulose to glucose of 47.34%. It was observed that the solid load is the factor that most impacts the production of reducing sugars by enzymatic hydrolysis. In turn, the enzymatic load did not show great variations in the conversion rates, due to factors such as the limited contact promoted by the agitation and the limited reaction time. The fermentation of the sugar solution obtained from the best evaluated experimental condition had conversions above 99% of glucose consumed, and an average of 86.91% of conversion of glucose to ethanol, which corresponds to an ethanol content of 42.55 g/L. In addition, using the residual cellulose from the cotton fabric resulting from the hydrolysis step, it was possible to qualitatively evaluate the production of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) via NMR in a spectrophotometer, which means the remaining residues from the hydrolysis can be reused for its production. Thus, based on what has been observed, the second-generation ethanol production process from cotton fabric waste shows potential if it is developed and optimized in the future, especially the hydrolysis step, which has cellulose to glucose conversion below 50%.
With the growing demand for renewable fuels, it becomes necessary to use processes that allow the use of lignocellulosic materials to produce second generation biofuels. On the other hand, the textile industry is a branch of Brazilian industry that generates negative impacts on the environment due to the poor disposal of its large amount of waste. The Brazilian industry generated an average of 160 thousand tons of textile waste per year before the pandemic period (2018), with most of these tons being sent to landfills. In view of the above, the present work aims to use cotton fabric residue from the textile industry to obtain second generation ethanol as from the fermentation with industrial yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae of fermentable sugars obtained via enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulosic material present in cotton. Enzymatic hydrolysis experiments were performed evaluating the effects of enzyme concentration and biomass. Under optimized conditions, operating at a high biomass concentration (20% m/v) and enzymatic dosage of 15 FPU/gcelulose, it was possible to obtain a reducing sugar concentration of 103 g/L corresponding to a conversion of cellulose to glucose of 47.34%. It was observed that the solid load is the factor that most impacts the production of reducing sugars by enzymatic hydrolysis. In turn, the enzymatic load did not show great variations in the conversion rates, due to factors such as the limited contact promoted by the agitation and the limited reaction time. The fermentation of the sugar solution obtained from the best evaluated experimental condition had conversions above 99% of glucose consumed, and an average of 86.91% of conversion of glucose to ethanol, which corresponds to an ethanol content of 42.55 g/L. In addition, using the residual cellulose from the cotton fabric resulting from the hydrolysis step, it was possible to qualitatively evaluate the production of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) via NMR in a spectrophotometer, which means the remaining residues from the hydrolysis can be reused for its production. Thus, based on what has been observed, the second-generation ethanol production process from cotton fabric waste shows potential if it is developed and optimized in the future, especially the hydrolysis step, which has cellulose to glucose conversion below 50%.