Desenvolvimento de mecanismos flexíveis biestáveis integrados à órteses de membros superiores por manufatura aditiva para eletroterapia
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Citações na Scopus
Tipo de produção
Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso
Data
2023-06-21
Autores
Silva, Igor Pereira
Lourenço, João Felipe de Souza
Keim, José Luís Chohfi A.
Mulet, Matheus dos Santos
Xavier, Pedro Viana
Lourenço, João Felipe de Souza
Keim, José Luís Chohfi A.
Mulet, Matheus dos Santos
Xavier, Pedro Viana
Orientador
Magnabosco, Rodrigo
Periódico
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ISSN da Revista
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Citação
Texto completo (DOI)
Palavras-chave
órtese,manufatura aditiva,reabilitação,orthosis,aditive manufacturing,rehabilitation
Resumo
O Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE) e acidentes nas regiões C5/ C6 da coluna afetam diretamente os movimentos das mãos, mudando drasticamente a vida cotidiana de pessoas e a autoestima. Geralmente, tanto no caso de um AVE, como no caso de um acidente na região da coluna, os centros superiores de controle motor perdem o contato com os músculos e apesar de o caminho entre eles permanecer intacto (na maioria dos casos), as informações que podem ser de sensoriamento e comandos já não são mais transmitidas. Em ambos os casos, os indivíduos ainda possuem os movimentos dos ombros e dos cotovelos, mas não podem mais movimentar os dedos. Diante da urgência de projetos na área de reabilitação das mãos, um tratamento que tem apresentado grande potencial, se dá através de estímulos elétricos, com eletrodos próximos aos moto-neurônios, que estimulam artificialmente impulsos nervosos, excitando o caminho até os músculos. Isso deve ser repetido através de sessões de estímulos elétricos musculares, até que o caminho entre os moto-neurônios e os músculos seja reativado. Há ausência de um produto que possa ser utilizado diariamente pelas pessoas afetadas pelos acidentes descritos acima, de custo acessível e sem estar associado às pesquisas acadêmicas, de modo que esses usuários não conseguem dar continuidade ao tratamento dentro de suas próprias casas. A revisão bibliográfica mostra não só dificuldade de encontrar a posição dos eletrodos que varia de pessoa para pessoa, assim como a falta de uma maneira eficaz que os eletrodos não saiam da posição ideal durante a eletroterapia, uma vez que o ato de vestir a órtese pode provocar essa consequência indesejada. Em vista disso, o presente trabalho busca desenvolver mecanismos flexíveis bi-estáveis integrados à órteses, a fim de garantir o posicionamento adequado dos eletrodos antes, durante e após do tratamento, sendo que esses pontos já tenham sido encontrados previamente por um fisioterapeuta. Desenvolveu-se uma geometria funcional do mecanismo flexível bi-estável, de tal forma que a órtese pode ser utilizada em uso terapêutico. O mecanismo flexível bi-estável integrado à órtese, ambos fabricados por impressão 3D, possuem as características necessárias para proporcionar aos usuários um tratamento de reabilitação contínuo dentro de suas casas de uma maneira facilitada para a fixação dos eletrodos. Os testes dos mecanismos flexíveis foram iniciados em MDF, através de uma máquina de corte a laser e, houve transição para a impressão 3D em polímeros, utilizando-se de ABS e PLA. Utilizou-se de diversas ferramentas de engenharia mecânica, como projeto CAD, fabricação, simulação e testes de validação.
The Cerebrovascular Accidents (CVA) and accidents in the C5/C6 regions of the spine directly affect people’s hand movements, drastically changing everyday life and self esteem. Generally, both in the case of a CVA and in the case of an accident in the C5/C6 region, the higher motor control centers lose contact with the muscles, although the path between them remains intact (in most cases), so informations that can be sensing and commands are no longer transmitted. In both cases, individuals still have the movements of the shoulders and elbows, but they can’t move the fingers. In front of the urgency of projects in the area of hands rehabilitation, a treatment that has shown great potential is through electrical stimulus, with electrodes close to the motoneurons, which artificially stimulate nervous impulses, waking up the way to the muscles. It must be repeated through physiotherapy sessions, until the pathway between motoneurons and muscles is reactivated. There is an absence of a product that can be used on a daily basis by people injured by the accidents described above, with affordability and without being associated with academic research, so that these users can’t easily carry out their treatment within their own houses. The bibliographic review shows not only the difficulty of finding the position of the electrodes, which varies from person to person, as well as the absence of an effective way to ensure that the electrodes do not leave the ideal position during electrotherapy, since when wearing the orthosis this undesired consequence can happen. With that being said, this project aims to develop bistable mechanisms, in order to guarantee the proper positioning of the electrodes before, during and after the treatment in which these points had already been previously found by the physiotherapist. A functional geometry of the biestable mechanism was designed, so the orthosis can be applied in therapeutic use. The biestable mechanism integrated to the orthosis, both fabricated through additive manufacturing have the characteristics needed to provide the final users a continuous rehabilitation treatment inside of their own homes facilitating the electrodes positioning. The bistable mechanism tests got started in MDF, through laser cut machine and, there was a transitioning to additive manufacturing in polymers, with ABS and PLA. Diverse engineering tools was applied in the project such as design, manufacturing, simulation and validation tests.
The Cerebrovascular Accidents (CVA) and accidents in the C5/C6 regions of the spine directly affect people’s hand movements, drastically changing everyday life and self esteem. Generally, both in the case of a CVA and in the case of an accident in the C5/C6 region, the higher motor control centers lose contact with the muscles, although the path between them remains intact (in most cases), so informations that can be sensing and commands are no longer transmitted. In both cases, individuals still have the movements of the shoulders and elbows, but they can’t move the fingers. In front of the urgency of projects in the area of hands rehabilitation, a treatment that has shown great potential is through electrical stimulus, with electrodes close to the motoneurons, which artificially stimulate nervous impulses, waking up the way to the muscles. It must be repeated through physiotherapy sessions, until the pathway between motoneurons and muscles is reactivated. There is an absence of a product that can be used on a daily basis by people injured by the accidents described above, with affordability and without being associated with academic research, so that these users can’t easily carry out their treatment within their own houses. The bibliographic review shows not only the difficulty of finding the position of the electrodes, which varies from person to person, as well as the absence of an effective way to ensure that the electrodes do not leave the ideal position during electrotherapy, since when wearing the orthosis this undesired consequence can happen. With that being said, this project aims to develop bistable mechanisms, in order to guarantee the proper positioning of the electrodes before, during and after the treatment in which these points had already been previously found by the physiotherapist. A functional geometry of the biestable mechanism was designed, so the orthosis can be applied in therapeutic use. The biestable mechanism integrated to the orthosis, both fabricated through additive manufacturing have the characteristics needed to provide the final users a continuous rehabilitation treatment inside of their own homes facilitating the electrodes positioning. The bistable mechanism tests got started in MDF, through laser cut machine and, there was a transitioning to additive manufacturing in polymers, with ABS and PLA. Diverse engineering tools was applied in the project such as design, manufacturing, simulation and validation tests.