Planejador de rotas com navegação indoor no sistema metroferroviário de São Paulo
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Citações na Scopus
Tipo de produção
Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso
Data
2022-12-07
Autores
Correa, Bruno Bollos
Orientador
Melo, Marco Antonio Assis de
Periódico
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Citação
Texto completo (DOI)
Palavras-chave
metrô,planejador de rotas,navegação indoor,serviços de localização,metro,beacon,route planner,indoor navigation,indoor location services
Resumo
Este trabalho propõe a implementação de um sistema stand-alone que ofereça serviços precisos de planejamento de rotas em tempo real e navegação indoor no Metrô de São Paulo pelo smartphone do passageiro. O sistema implementado é composto de duas camadas, o cliente, constituído de um APP desenvolvido para Android, e o servidor, que implementa uma Web API acessível ao cliente pela internet. Além disso, o sistema conta com dispositivos BLE beacon espalhados pelos trens e estações do Metrô para viabilidade de serviços de localização indoor. Para este projeto foi elaborada uma especificação para os beacons do Metrô que foram implementados em uma placa ESP32. O planejador de rotas foi implementado em um grafo projetado de forma a considerar, além do tempo de deslocamento do passageiro dentro dos trens, sua caminhada nas estações e sua espera pelos trens. A solicitação do planejador de rotas por um APP impede a necessidade do usuário planejar sua rota manualmente e decorá-la para seguir seu trajeto, além de estimar o tempo levado para cada passo da rota. Outra vantagem ao usuário é o acompanhamento da rota pelo sistema de macronavegação no APP. O sistema de navegação implementado é utilizado com o principal objetivo de ajudar o passageiro a se localizar nas estações e também guiá-lo para seu destino fornecido pelo planejador de rotas. Por motivos de escalabilidade, a navegação é dividida em macro e micronavegação. A macronavegação localiza o passageiro tomando como base sua proximidade a PoIs do Metrô e é capaz de acompanhar a rota do passageiro e detectar seu desvencilhamento da mesma, além de ser responsável por registrar dados de localização do passageiro que, quando consentido por ele, são enviados anonimamente ao servidor, que utiliza registros de vários usuários para atualizar o tempo das ligações do grafo do planejador de rotas. A micronavegação é capaz de estimar a posição do usuário em um mapa indoor da estação com base na detecção e estimativa da distância relativa a beacons previamente mapeados. Futuramente a micronavegação ainda terá um gerador de caminho que traça o caminho necessário para que o usuário realize seu microdeslocamento nas estações. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a especificação dos beacons, o planejador de rotas, a macronavegação e o sistema como um todo foram bem-sucedidos, a micronavegação apresentou resultados menos otimistas. A implementação de beacons com ESP32 foi útil no desenvolvimento e teste do trabalho, porém seu baixo tempo de vida o inviabiliza a ser utilizado em uma implementação real, sendo necessário avaliar outras opções otimizadas para este fim.
This work proposes the implementation of a stand-alone system that offers accurate real-time route planning and indoor navigation services within the São Paulo Metro by the passenger’s smartphone. The implemented system is composed of two layers, the client, consisting of an app developed for Android, and the server, which implements a Web API accessible to the client over the internet. In addition, the system relies on BLE beacon devices distributed throughout the Metro trains and stations for viability of indoor location services. For this project a specification for the Metro beacons was elaborated and implemented on an ESP32 board. The route planner was implemented in a graph designed to consider, besides the travel time of the passenger inside the trains, his walking through the stations and his waiting for trains. The route planner request by an app avoids the need for the user to manually plan his route and memorize it for his jorney, besides estimating the time taken for each step of the route. Another advantage to the user is the route tracking by the macronavigation system in the app. The implemented navigation system is used with the main goal of helping the passenger to locate himself at the stations and also to guide him to his destination provided by the route planner. For scalability reasons, the navigation is divided into macro and micronavigation. The macronavigation locates the passenger based on his proximity to Metro PoIs and is able to follow the passenger’s route and detect when he misses it, besides being responsible for registering the passenger’s location data which, when consented by the passenger, is sent anonymously to the server, which uses the records of several users to update the time of the node links in the route planner’s graph. The micronavigation is capable of estimating the user’s position on an indoor station map based on the detection and distance estimation relative to previously mapped beacons. In the future, micronavigation will also have a path generator that traces the path needed for the user to perform his micro-displacement at the stations. The results obtained show that the beacon specification, the route planner, the macronavigation, and the system as a whole were successful, micronavigation showed less optimistic results. The implementation of beacons with ESP32 was useful in the development and testing of the work, but its low lifetime makes it unfeasible to be used in a real implementation, being necessary to evaluate other options optimized for this purpose.
This work proposes the implementation of a stand-alone system that offers accurate real-time route planning and indoor navigation services within the São Paulo Metro by the passenger’s smartphone. The implemented system is composed of two layers, the client, consisting of an app developed for Android, and the server, which implements a Web API accessible to the client over the internet. In addition, the system relies on BLE beacon devices distributed throughout the Metro trains and stations for viability of indoor location services. For this project a specification for the Metro beacons was elaborated and implemented on an ESP32 board. The route planner was implemented in a graph designed to consider, besides the travel time of the passenger inside the trains, his walking through the stations and his waiting for trains. The route planner request by an app avoids the need for the user to manually plan his route and memorize it for his jorney, besides estimating the time taken for each step of the route. Another advantage to the user is the route tracking by the macronavigation system in the app. The implemented navigation system is used with the main goal of helping the passenger to locate himself at the stations and also to guide him to his destination provided by the route planner. For scalability reasons, the navigation is divided into macro and micronavigation. The macronavigation locates the passenger based on his proximity to Metro PoIs and is able to follow the passenger’s route and detect when he misses it, besides being responsible for registering the passenger’s location data which, when consented by the passenger, is sent anonymously to the server, which uses the records of several users to update the time of the node links in the route planner’s graph. The micronavigation is capable of estimating the user’s position on an indoor station map based on the detection and distance estimation relative to previously mapped beacons. In the future, micronavigation will also have a path generator that traces the path needed for the user to perform his micro-displacement at the stations. The results obtained show that the beacon specification, the route planner, the macronavigation, and the system as a whole were successful, micronavigation showed less optimistic results. The implementation of beacons with ESP32 was useful in the development and testing of the work, but its low lifetime makes it unfeasible to be used in a real implementation, being necessary to evaluate other options optimized for this purpose.