Desenvolvimento estrutural do para-choque traseiro de carretas para maximização da segurança
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Citações na Scopus
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Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso
Data
2024-06-24
Autores
Lukin, Axel Baher
Ribeiro, Bruna Maria Barbosa
Leal, Davi Henriques
Feitosa, Fernando
Espada, Guilherme Ivo da Fonseca
Longhini, Lucas
Vacco, Talita Martins
Ribeiro, Bruna Maria Barbosa
Leal, Davi Henriques
Feitosa, Fernando
Espada, Guilherme Ivo da Fonseca
Longhini, Lucas
Vacco, Talita Martins
Orientador
Souza, Jairo de Lima
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Texto completo (DOI)
Palavras-chave
para-choque,carreta,colisão traseira,desenvolvimento estrutural,segurança,bumper,semi-trailer truck,rear collision,structural development,safety
Resumo
De acordo com a Confederação Nacional do Transporte (CNT), há uma média de 21.000 acidentes com caminhão por ano no Brasil, dos quais o tipo mais comum é a colisão traseira. A porcentagem de vítimas feridas ou fatais nestes acidentes é de 80%, o que se deve aos efeitos cunha e guilhotina. Ambos possuem altas taxas de mortalidade e se devem ao funcionamento inadequado dos para-choques traseiros, tornando clara necessidade de melhoria da efetividade e confiabilidade destes equipamentos. Nesse sentido, a SafeBumpers propõe o desenvolvimento estrutural do para-choque traseiro de carretas para maximizar da segurança. Tal desenvolvimento engloba alterações tanto de geometria quanto de materiais a fim de reduzir sua deformação e aumentar a resistência ao impacto mitigando o risco de intrusão do veículo durante a colisão traseira. Para alcançar tal objetivo, foram realizadas parcerias com a Scania e a JSL, as quais forneceram dados reais dos para-choques e carretas para viabilizar o desenvolvimento adequado da estrutura. Também foi realizado o levantamento das normas aplicáveis, o estudo de aços nobres no software Granta Edupack, as análises estáticas não lineares no software Abaqus e as análises dinâmicas no software LS-Dyna. Com isso, foi desenvolvido um para-choque com reforços laterais e transversais utilizando aços nobres, incluindo aços TRIP (Transformação Plástica Induzida) e de ultra alta resistência (UHSS), além do aço baixo carbono. Como resultado da análise estática, a SafeBumbers apresentou, nos pontos mais críticos, uma redução de deformação de 37,5% e um aumento de resistência ao impacto, evidenciado pelo aumento médio da máxima tensão suportada em cerca de 120%, o que permite uma velocidade máxima suportada de 75% a 128% maior no choque dependendo do ponto de colisão. Já nas análises dinâmicas, além de apresentar menor deformação, a SafeBumbers impediu que o veículo colidente adentrasse à carroceria da carreta nas condições de colisão mais críticas, ao contrário do para-choque convencional que permitiu a intrusão. Também evitou danos na região do para-brisa e das colunas do veículo, o que indica melhor dissipação de energia e mitigação dos efeitos cunha e guilhotina. Logo, o projeto mostrou-se eficiente para o aumento da segurança, embora seu custo seja mais elevado. Em termos de próximos passos, são necessários refinamentos nas análises dinâmicas para uma melhor compreensão do impacto nos passageiros, otimizações para redução de peso e custo da estrutura e a elaboração de um protótipo funcional.
According to the Confederação Nacional do Transporte (CNT), there is an average of 21.000 accidents with trucks in Brazil per year, of which, the most common type is the rear collision. The percentage of fatal or hurt victims is 80%, mainly due to the guillotine and the wedge effects. Both have high mortality rates and are due to the improper functioning of rear bumpers, highlighting the need for improvement in the effectiveness and reliability of that equipment. In this regard, SafeBumpers proposes the structural development of trailer rear bumpers to maximize safety. Such development encompasses changes in geometry and materials aiming to reduce deformation and increase impact resistance mitigating the risk of intrusion of the vehicle during rear collision. To achieve such an objective, partnerships were established with Scania and JSL, which provided real data on bumpers and trailers to enable the proper development of the structure. It was also conducted a survey of applicable standards, a study of high-grade steels in Granta Edupack software, nonlinear static analyses in Abacus software, and dynamic analyses in LS-Dyna software. As a result, a bumper with lateral and transversal reinforcements using high-grade steels, including TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) steels and ultra-high-strength steels, in addition to low carbon steel, was developed. As a result of the static analysis, the SafeBumpers showed, at the most critical points, a reduction in deformation of 37.5% and an increase in impact resistance, evidenced by the average increase in the maximum stress sustained of around 120%, allowing a 75% to 128% higher maximum supported speed upon impact depending on the collision point. In the dynamic analysis, besides exhibiting lesser deformation, the SafeBumpers prevented vehicle intrusion in the more critical collision conditions, unlike the conventional bumper that allowed the intrusion. The developed bumper also avoided damage in the vehicle’s windshield region and columns, indicating better energy dissipation and mitigation of guillotine and the wedge effects. Thus, the project proved to be efficient for enhancing safety, despite its higher cost. Regarding the next steps, refinements in dynamic analyses are necessary for a better understanding of the impact on passengers, optimizations for weight and cost reduction of the structure, and the development of a functional prototype.
According to the Confederação Nacional do Transporte (CNT), there is an average of 21.000 accidents with trucks in Brazil per year, of which, the most common type is the rear collision. The percentage of fatal or hurt victims is 80%, mainly due to the guillotine and the wedge effects. Both have high mortality rates and are due to the improper functioning of rear bumpers, highlighting the need for improvement in the effectiveness and reliability of that equipment. In this regard, SafeBumpers proposes the structural development of trailer rear bumpers to maximize safety. Such development encompasses changes in geometry and materials aiming to reduce deformation and increase impact resistance mitigating the risk of intrusion of the vehicle during rear collision. To achieve such an objective, partnerships were established with Scania and JSL, which provided real data on bumpers and trailers to enable the proper development of the structure. It was also conducted a survey of applicable standards, a study of high-grade steels in Granta Edupack software, nonlinear static analyses in Abacus software, and dynamic analyses in LS-Dyna software. As a result, a bumper with lateral and transversal reinforcements using high-grade steels, including TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) steels and ultra-high-strength steels, in addition to low carbon steel, was developed. As a result of the static analysis, the SafeBumpers showed, at the most critical points, a reduction in deformation of 37.5% and an increase in impact resistance, evidenced by the average increase in the maximum stress sustained of around 120%, allowing a 75% to 128% higher maximum supported speed upon impact depending on the collision point. In the dynamic analysis, besides exhibiting lesser deformation, the SafeBumpers prevented vehicle intrusion in the more critical collision conditions, unlike the conventional bumper that allowed the intrusion. The developed bumper also avoided damage in the vehicle’s windshield region and columns, indicating better energy dissipation and mitigation of guillotine and the wedge effects. Thus, the project proved to be efficient for enhancing safety, despite its higher cost. Regarding the next steps, refinements in dynamic analyses are necessary for a better understanding of the impact on passengers, optimizations for weight and cost reduction of the structure, and the development of a functional prototype.