Construção e avaliação do índice de circularidade da indústria química brasileira de 1ª e 2ª geração
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Tipo de produção
Dissertação
Data
2022
Autores
Monteiro, André Gustavo de Andrade
Orientador
Silva, Gabriela Scur
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MONTEIRO, André Gustavo de Andrade. Construção e avaliação do índice de circularidade da indústria química brasileira de 1ª e 2ª geração. 2022. 101 p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica) - Centro Universitário FEI, São Bernardo do Campo, 2022. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.31414/EM.2022.D.131539.
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Palavras-chave
Economia Circular,Química
Resumo
A química circular possui grande relevância para a evolução da economia circular. Seus princípios estão baseados na redução do consumo de matérias-primas e insumos por meio de uma menor complexidade dos processos produtivos, maior reutilização de solventes e aditivos, utilizando resíduos como matéria prima. O setor químico tem impacto direto na geração de resíduos, consumo de energia e lançamento de gases efeito estufa. No entanto, a migração para modelos de negócio circulares depende de fatores estratégicos e políticos para as organizações consigam implementar inovações e melhorias que as levem para outro patamar do ponto de vista de circularidade. Dentro desse contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo calcular um indicador de circularidade (CEI) que permitiu agregar indicadores de geração de resíduo, emissões atmosféricas e consumo de energia do setor químico brasileiro, segmentado para as indústrias de primeira e segunda geração. Foi utilizado a análise de componentes principais como parte de metodologia para o cálculo do índice. O trabalho partiu da construção de um modelo teórico suportados por estratégias de circularidade e indicadores. Os dados foram fornecidos pelas plataformas digitais do IBAMA e IBGE. Além do cálculo, as variações do indicador foram estudadas tendo como referência fatores estratégicos e políticos para identificar quais fatores seriam mais fatores seriam mais relevantes para o caso brasileiro a nível das organizações e a nível estadual. Foi utilizado o período de 2017 a 2019 como base para a pesquisa. Como resultado do trabalho, obtiveram-se dois modelos de regressão. O primeiro identificando a receita liquida de vendas, investimentos em melhorias e pessoas como fatores estratégicos relevantes e o segundo identificando o potencial de crescimento dos estados, assim como seus investimentos em sustentabilidade social/ambiental além das ações em inovação como fatores relevantes para as variações do CEI. O estudo concluiu que o segmento da primeira e segunda geração tem espaço para avançar na circularidade pelas oscilações do CEI ao longo do período estudado. Outra conclusão é que os estados que possuem maior competitividade não possuem os valores CEI mais favoráveis. Os modelos conseguiram explicar 41% e 61% das variações do CEI mostrando que ainda existe potencial de pesquisa para um maior entendimento de como a indústria química está se adaptando para ambientes de negócio circulares
Circular chemistry has great relevance for the evolution of the circular economy. Its principles are based on reducing the consumption of raw materials and addtives through a lower complexity of production processes, greater reuse of solvents and additives, using waste as raw material. The chemical sector has a direct impact on waste generation, energy consumption and greenhouse gas release. However, the migration to circular business models depends on economic and political factors for organizations to be able to implement innovations and improvements that take them to another level from the point of view of circularity. Within this context, the present study aimed to calculate a circularity indicator (CEI) that allowed the aggregation of indicators of waste generation, atmospheric emissions and energy consumption of the Brazilian chemical sector, segmented to the first- and second-generation industries. Principal component analysis was used as part of a methodology for index calculation. The work started from the construction of a theoretical model supported by circularity and indicators. The data were provided by the digital platforms of IBAMA and IBGE. In addition to the calculation, the variations of the indicator were studied using as reference economic and political triggers to identify which factors would be more relevant for the Brazilian case at the level of organizations and at the state level. The period from 2017 to 2019 was used as the basis for the research. As a function of the work, two regression models were obtained. The first identifying net sales revenue, investments in improvements and people as relevant economic factors and the second identifying the growth potential of states, as well as their investments in social/environmental sustainability in addition to actions in innovation as relevant factors for cis variations. The study concluded that the segment of the first and second generation has room to advance in circularity by CEI oscillations throughout the studied period. Another conclusion is that the states that have greater competitiveness do not have the most favorable CEI values. The models were able to explain 41% and 61% of CEI variations showing that there is still research potential for a better understanding of how the chemical industry is moving to circular business environments
Circular chemistry has great relevance for the evolution of the circular economy. Its principles are based on reducing the consumption of raw materials and addtives through a lower complexity of production processes, greater reuse of solvents and additives, using waste as raw material. The chemical sector has a direct impact on waste generation, energy consumption and greenhouse gas release. However, the migration to circular business models depends on economic and political factors for organizations to be able to implement innovations and improvements that take them to another level from the point of view of circularity. Within this context, the present study aimed to calculate a circularity indicator (CEI) that allowed the aggregation of indicators of waste generation, atmospheric emissions and energy consumption of the Brazilian chemical sector, segmented to the first- and second-generation industries. Principal component analysis was used as part of a methodology for index calculation. The work started from the construction of a theoretical model supported by circularity and indicators. The data were provided by the digital platforms of IBAMA and IBGE. In addition to the calculation, the variations of the indicator were studied using as reference economic and political triggers to identify which factors would be more relevant for the Brazilian case at the level of organizations and at the state level. The period from 2017 to 2019 was used as the basis for the research. As a function of the work, two regression models were obtained. The first identifying net sales revenue, investments in improvements and people as relevant economic factors and the second identifying the growth potential of states, as well as their investments in social/environmental sustainability in addition to actions in innovation as relevant factors for cis variations. The study concluded that the segment of the first and second generation has room to advance in circularity by CEI oscillations throughout the studied period. Another conclusion is that the states that have greater competitiveness do not have the most favorable CEI values. The models were able to explain 41% and 61% of CEI variations showing that there is still research potential for a better understanding of how the chemical industry is moving to circular business environments