Análises empírica e conceitual sobre negócios inclusivos: contribuições para avanços teóricos e práticos
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Tese
Data
2021
Autores
Gentil, D.
Orientador
Iizuka, Edson Sadao
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GENTIL, D. Análises empírica e conceitual sobre negócios inclusivos: contribuições para avanços teóricos e práticos. 2021. 210 f. Tese (Doutorado em Administração de Empresas) - Centro Universitário FEI, São Paulo, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.31414/ADM.2021.T.131407.
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pobreza
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A partir da revisão da literatura nacional e internacional sobre negócio inclusivo, foram identificadas duas definições teóricas: base de pirâmide (BPO), na qual a pessoa de baixa renda não é vista apenas como um ser menos afortunado da sociedade e, sim, como um consumidor (PRAHALAD; HART, 2008; SHYAM, 2017; BECKWITH, 2016) e cadeia de valor, que inclui pessoas ou grupos excluídos na sua cadeia, como fornecedores, revendedores e demais públicos (TEODÓSIO; COMINI, 2012; PETRINI; SCHERER; BACK, 2016; GOLJA; POZEGA, 2012). Uma outra constatação é que a literatura acadêmica da Administração, raramente se ocupa em compreender a pobreza, exclusão/inclusão social, o que, ao contrário, ocorre nas ciências sociais (LARSEN; ANDERSEN; BAK, 2012; SAWAIA, 1999; ROOM, 2002; SAUNDERS; NAIDOO; GRIFFITHS, 2008; BAK, 2018; SPOSATI, 1998). Diante disso, percebem-se oportunidades para a análise crítica das definições atuais e a proposição de uma definição inédita. Para isso, buscou-se responder: a) Quais são as definições teóricas sobre negócios inclusivos? b) Quais são as perspectivas e as abordagens ainda não debatidas pela literatura científica? c) De que forma a compreensão teórica sobre a exclusão/inclusão social das Ciências Sociais podem contribuir para o entendimento do que sejam os negócios inclusivos de gênero? d) De que modo as empresas que se autodenominam ou são consideradas negócios inclusivos de gênero lidam com a pobreza, a exclusão e a inclusão social? A metodologia incluiu pesquisa exploratória e estudos de casos de gênero. Como resposta à primeira pergunta, identificou-se duas definições teóricas: base da pirâmide e cadeia de valor e outras parcialmente debatidas: De Direitos (advocacy) e Autoinclusão (COSTA, 2019); Reconhecimento, Autorrespeito e Inclusão (HAHN, 2012) e Recursos Estendidos (desperdiçados), empregam mais excluídos (RANJATOELINA, 2018). Quanto à segunda, nos estudos de casos de gênero, apurou-se cadeia de valor, base da pirâmide e duas definições parcialmente debatidas: indícios de inclusão de voz e pela linguagem. Na terceira, é preciso reconhecer a inclusão de pessoas de baixa renda nos negócios, mas entender de pobreza e exclusão social. Já na quarta, define-se negócio inclusivo como um tipo de empresa com fins lucrativos que se caracteriza por tornar visíveis indivíduos ou grupos que, em geral, se diferenciam dos padrões estabelecidos pela sociedade, quase sempre num contexto de pobreza e, principalmente, de exclusão social, ou seja, expostos a situações de vulnerabilidade social, de preconceito e de estigma social, atuando no sentido de promover atividades que buscam beneficiar pessoas que se encontram em uma ou mais situações, tais como: base da pirâmide, atuando em determinadas cadeias de valor, que procuram por direitos (advocacy), autoinclusão, reconhecimento e autorrespeito
From the review of national and international literature on inclusive business, two theoretical definitions were identified: pyramid base (BPO), in which the low-income person is not seen only as a less fortunate being in society, but as a consumer (PRAHALAD; HART, 2008; SHYAM, 2017; BECKWITH, 2016) and value chain, which includes people or groups excluded from its chain, such as suppliers, resellers and other publics (TEODÓSIO; COMINI, 2012; PETRINI; SCHERER; BACK, 2016; GOLJA; POZEGA, 2012). Another observation is that the academic literature on Administration is rarely concerned with understanding poverty, social exclusion/inclusion, on the contrary, it occurs in social sciences (LARSEN; ANDERSEN; BAK, 2012; SAWAIA, 1999; ROOM, 2002; SAUNDERS; NAIDOO; GRIFFITHS, 2008; BAK, 2018; SPOSATI, 1998). Therefore, opportunities for critical analysis of current definitions and the proposal of an unprecedented definition are perceived. For this, we sought to answer: a) What are the theoretical definitions about inclusive business? b) What are the perspectives and approaches not yet debated in the scientific literature? c) How can the theoretical understanding of social exclusion/inclusion from the social sciences contribute to the understanding of what gender inclusive business is? d) How do companies that call themselves or are considered gender inclusive businesses deal with poverty, exclusion, and social inclusion? The methodology included exploratory research and gender case studies. As an answer to the first question, two theoretical definitions were identified: on the base of the pyramid and value chain and others partially debated: On Rights (Advocacy) and Self-inclusion (COSTA, 2019); Recognition, Self-Respect, and Inclusion (HAHN, 2012) and Extended Resources ("wasted") employ more excluded people (RANJATOELINA, 2018). As for the second question, in gender case studies, it was identified value chain, base of the pyramid and two partially debated definitions were found: indications of voice and language inclusion. In the third, it is necessary to recognize the inclusion of low-income people in business but understand of poverty and social exclusion. In the fourth, inclusive business is defined as a type of for-profit company that is characterized by making visible individuals or groups that, in general, differ from the standards established by society, almost always in a context of poverty and, mainly, social exclusion, that is, exposed to situations of social vulnerability, prejudice and social stigma, acting to promote activities that seek to benefit people who are in one or more situations, such as: base of the pyramid, acting in certain value chains, seeking for rights (advocacy), self-inclusion, recognition and self-respect
From the review of national and international literature on inclusive business, two theoretical definitions were identified: pyramid base (BPO), in which the low-income person is not seen only as a less fortunate being in society, but as a consumer (PRAHALAD; HART, 2008; SHYAM, 2017; BECKWITH, 2016) and value chain, which includes people or groups excluded from its chain, such as suppliers, resellers and other publics (TEODÓSIO; COMINI, 2012; PETRINI; SCHERER; BACK, 2016; GOLJA; POZEGA, 2012). Another observation is that the academic literature on Administration is rarely concerned with understanding poverty, social exclusion/inclusion, on the contrary, it occurs in social sciences (LARSEN; ANDERSEN; BAK, 2012; SAWAIA, 1999; ROOM, 2002; SAUNDERS; NAIDOO; GRIFFITHS, 2008; BAK, 2018; SPOSATI, 1998). Therefore, opportunities for critical analysis of current definitions and the proposal of an unprecedented definition are perceived. For this, we sought to answer: a) What are the theoretical definitions about inclusive business? b) What are the perspectives and approaches not yet debated in the scientific literature? c) How can the theoretical understanding of social exclusion/inclusion from the social sciences contribute to the understanding of what gender inclusive business is? d) How do companies that call themselves or are considered gender inclusive businesses deal with poverty, exclusion, and social inclusion? The methodology included exploratory research and gender case studies. As an answer to the first question, two theoretical definitions were identified: on the base of the pyramid and value chain and others partially debated: On Rights (Advocacy) and Self-inclusion (COSTA, 2019); Recognition, Self-Respect, and Inclusion (HAHN, 2012) and Extended Resources ("wasted") employ more excluded people (RANJATOELINA, 2018). As for the second question, in gender case studies, it was identified value chain, base of the pyramid and two partially debated definitions were found: indications of voice and language inclusion. In the third, it is necessary to recognize the inclusion of low-income people in business but understand of poverty and social exclusion. In the fourth, inclusive business is defined as a type of for-profit company that is characterized by making visible individuals or groups that, in general, differ from the standards established by society, almost always in a context of poverty and, mainly, social exclusion, that is, exposed to situations of social vulnerability, prejudice and social stigma, acting to promote activities that seek to benefit people who are in one or more situations, such as: base of the pyramid, acting in certain value chains, seeking for rights (advocacy), self-inclusion, recognition and self-respect